Onion Farming Techniques, Mazano, uye Mazano.
Hanyanisi ndeimwe yemiriwo inonyanya kufarirwa nevanhu vazhinji pasi rese. Kurima hanyanisi kuri nyore uye kunobatsira. Mari inodiwa pakurima hanyanisi pachiyero chekutengesa ishoma uye kuchengetwa kwechirimwa kwehanyanisi zvakare kushoma kwazvo. Saka, nhasi, tinodzidza pamusoro onion kurima maitiro, mazano, uye mazano.
Ivhu Rakakodzera Kurimwa Onion:
Hanyanisi inogona kurimwa muvhu rakasiyana-siyana kubva kune jecha loam kuti ivhu rakarukwa rine zvivakwa zvakanaka zvemvura. Iyo yakakwana pH yaizova 6.5-7.5.
Mamiriro ekunze akakodzera pakukura kwehanyanisi:
Iyo inochinjirwa kune tembiricha ye13-24° C padanho rezvinomera uye 16-21° C padanho remabhubhu, 30-35° C pakukura nekukohwa. Kuita kwakanakisa kunogona kuwanikwa mumamiriro ekunze akapfava pasina kutonhora kwakanyanya, kupisa uye kunaya kwemvura.
mwaka | Kharif Mwaka | May-September | (Hanyanisi chete) |
Yakanonoka Kharif Mwaka | Nyamavhuvhu - Kukadzi | (Hanyanisi chete) | |
Rabi Season | Gumiguru - Kubvumbi | (Anyanisi uye Garlic) |
Mbeu yehanyanisi pahekita:
7 kusvika 9 kg/ha.(Cherechedza: 1 ha = 2.48 acres).
Kuuchika mbesa dzehanyanisi
Mbeu inodyarwa pamibhedha yakasimudzwa ye 1.2 m yakafara uye 3-4 m kureba. Mbeu dzichange dzakagadzirira kuisirwa mumazuva 45-50 mushure kudyara.
Kugadzirira ivhu kana munda wekurima hanyanisi:
Rimaii ivhu kuti muwane kurimwa kwakanaka uye musanganise FYM 20 tonnes/ha kana gumi matani FYM nematani mashanu huku mupfudze or vermicompost panguva yokurima kwokupedzisira. Gadzira muforo weflatbed kana wakafara-based (BBF) wekudyara.
Spacing: 15X10 cm kune ese ari maviri
Fertilizer | kharif mwaka Onion | 100:50:50:50 kg NPKS/ha |
Late kharif Onion | 150:50:50:50 kg NPKS/ha | |
Rabi mwaka Onion | 150:50:80:50 kg NPKS/ha | |
Isa 50% N uye 100% P, K & S sebasal dose uye yasara 50% yeN ichaiswa muzvikamu zviviri pamazuva makumi matatu & 30 mushure mekudyara. Iyo topdressing inofanirwa kupedzwa isati yagadzirwa girobhu.
Verenga: Strawberry Kurima Project Report.
Madiridziro anodiwa pachirimwa Onion:
Kudiridza kunodiwa panguva yekudyara / dibbling yevhavha uye chiedza kudiridza inofanira kuitwa pazuva rechitatu mushure mekudyara uye kudiridza kunotevera kuchaitwa pa7-10 days interval zvichienderana nemamiriro evhu uye mwaka. Diridza ma transplants pakarepo mushure mekudyara. Nekuda kwemidzi isina kudzika, hanyanisi inoda kudiridzwa nguva nenguva. Dzivisa kudiridza kwepamusoro, izvo zvinokonzera zvirwere zvemashizha. Kana mashizha ane husina kunaka, yero tint zvirimwa zviri kudiridzwa zvakanyanya. Ivhu richaoma zvakanyanyisa pachirimwa chisina mvura uye chinogona kutsemuka. Hanyanisi dzinowanzoda 30 ″ yekudiridzira munguva yekukura uye kana kukohwa kwaswedera, ndipo panodiwa mvura yakawanda. Kana hanyanisi ikasawana mvura yakakwana haigadziri girobhu hombe. Kana mitsipa ikatanga kudonha uye hanyanisi yaibva, kudiridza kunofanira kuregwa uye ivhu robvumirwa kuoma.
Microirrigation uye fertigation yechirimwa Onion:
Nekushandisa donha uye vanosasa, kudiridza kunofanira kuitwa kamwe chete mumazuva matatu. Kumanikidza kushanda kwe a donhwe hurongwa iri 1.5kg/cm2 uye yerotary micro chosasa iri 2.5kg/cm2. Kuburikidza nedrip, fertigation inofanira kuitwa nekushandisa nitrogen fertilizer (Urea). Isa 50% N sebasal dose uye yasara 50% yeN kuti ishandiswe muzvikamu zvinomwe (mazuva gumi kupindirana kusvika pamazuva makumi manomwe mushure mekudyara) kuburikidza ne donhwe kudiridza hurongwa.
Kudzora sora nekutarisira kurimwa kwehanyanisi:
Zvirimwa ngazvichengetwe bundo mahara kuitira goho regirobhu rakanaka. Kune hanyanisi yakasimwa, pre-emergence application yeOxyfluorfen (Chinangwa) @ 0.15-0.25 kg ai/ha kana Fluchloralin (Basalin) @1.0kg/ha kana Pendimethalin (Stomp) 3.5 l/ha yakasanganiswa neruoko rumwe kusakura kwakawanikwa kunoshanda zvose Kharif uye Rabi mwaka.
Zvehanyanisi chokoti nembeu yembeu, kuiswa kwePendimethalin @3ml/liter muchangobva kudyara kunowanikwa zvakanaka mukudzora sora pasina kukanganisa kumera, kukura kwembesa, nechigadziko chekupedzisira.
Kutenderera kutenderera mukugadzira Onion:
Kuchinjanisa mbesa kwakakosha zvikuru mukurima hanyanisi Soybean mumwaka weKharif ichiteverwa nehanyanisi in Rabi mwaka ndiwo wakanakisa kutenderera kwezvirimwa izvo zvinovandudza kuorera kwevhu pamwe chete nekudzoka kwemari.
Kukohwa, goho, uye kuchengetedzwa kwehanyanisi:
Hanyanisi inofanira kukohwewa pa50% mugotsi. Tevera kukohwa magirobhu ehanyanisi ari padanho chairo rekukura. Zvakakosha pakusarudza hupenyu hwekuchengeta hanyanisi sezvo magirobhu anogona kuchengetwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu.
Magirobhu ehanyanisi, anosvika pakukura apo zvirimwa zvamira kuburitsa mashizha nemidzi mitsva. Muhanyanisi, kudonha kwemutsipa chiratidzo chekukura. Nguva yekukohwa inobva pane zvakati wandei mwaka wekudyara tike, mbeu, mutengo wemusika uye mamiriro echirimwa. Kazhinji, apo inenge 50% mutsipa inodonha inoonekwa goho rinokohwewa. Onion yekuchengetedza inofanira kunyatsogadzirwa. Magirobhu akakobvu anokonzerwa nekukohwa nguva isati yakwana haachengete zvakanaka. Kunonoka kukohwa kunoita kuti kufema kuwedzere, kubatwa nezvirwere uye kumera zvakanyanya panguva yekuchengetwa kwenguva refu uye kusiiwa mumunda kutsva nezuva. Mabulbs anokohwewa nekudhonza nemaoko kana ivhu rakareruka; zvinokohwewawo nemidziyo yemaoko. Kharif chirimwa, sezvo kukura kuri kuramba kuchimanikidzirwa kudonha kunofanira kutorwa kumisa kukura mazuva gumi nemashanu kusati kwakohwewa. Onion pamwe chete nepamusoro zvinochengetwa mumunda kwemazuva 15-2, kurapa kwemazuva 3-3 zvakakosha kubvisa hunyoro hwakanyanya kubva kunze kweganda nemutsipa kuderedza kupera uye kukura kwemavara mukuchengetedza.
Zvibereko: | Hanyanisi (Kharif) | 15-20t/ha |
Hanyanisi (Late Kharif) | 30-35t/ha | |
Hanyanisi (Rabi) | 25-30t/ha |
Kutengeswa kwehanyanisi:
Kushambadzira kuri nyore kwazvo, kwaunogona kupa kune zvitoro zvemuno kana zvitoro zvezvitoro kana kunyange iwe unogona kutengesa mumayadhi emusika wehurumende.
Ndizvo chete vanhu nezve ing yehanyanisi uye maitiro ekurima. Ramba uchikura hanyanisi kuitira nyika iri nani!.
Verenga: Hydroponic Kukura System.