Mimwe miti inogona kurarama mwedzi isina mvura, yozongosvibira zvakare pashure pekunaya kwemvura kwenguva pfupi. Ongororo ichangobva kuitwa yakaitwa neYunivhesiti yeBonn neMichigan inoratidza kuti izvi hazvikonzerwi ne“chishamiso chejena”. Asi, kugona uku mhedzisiro yetiweki yese yemajini, angangoita ese aripo mumhando dzakanyanya kutambudzika. Mibairo yakatoonekwa online Iyo Yekudyara Zvinyorwa.
Muchidzidzo chavo, vatsvakurudzi vakanyatsoongorora mhuka yakagara ichidzidzwa paYunivhesiti yeBonn-chirimwa chekumuka Craterostigma plantagineum. Inotakura zita rayo nenzira kwayo: Munguva yekusanaya kwemvura, munhu angafunga kuti yakafa. Asi kunyange pashure pemwedzi yokusanaya kwemvura, mvura shomanana inokwana kuti imutsidzire. “Pachikoro chedu, tanga tichidzidza kuti chirimwa ichi chinoita sei izvi kwemakore akawanda,” vanotsanangura kudaro Prof. Dr. Dorothea Bartels veInstitute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO) paUniversity of Bonn.
Zvaanofarira zvinosanganisira majini izvo zvinokonzeresa kusanaya kwemvura. Zvakava pachena zvikuru kuti mano aya haasati ari mugumisiro we“gene” rimwe chete rezvishamiso. Panzvimbo pezvo, ma<em>gene akawanda zvikuru anobatanidzwa, mazhinjisa awo anowanwawo mumarudzi asingagoni kugonana zvakanaka kwazvo nokusanaya kwemvura.
Chirimwa chine makopi masere ekromosome imwe neimwe
Muchidzidzo chazvino, timu yaBartel, pamwe nevaongorori vekuYunivhesiti yeMichigan (US), vakaongorora genome rakazara reCraterostigma plantagineum. Uye izvi zvakavakwa zvakaomarara: Nepo mhuka zhinji dzine makopi maviri echromosome imwe neimwe — imwe kubva kuna amai, imwe kubva kuna baba — Craterostigma ine masere. Yakadaro "kasere" genome inonziwo octoploid. Isu vanhu, mukusiyana, tiri diploid.
“Kuwedzera kwakadaro kwemashoko okutodzana kunogona kuonekwa mune vakawanda zvirimwa izvo zvakashanduka pasi zvakanyanya mamiriro,” anodaro Bartels. Asi nei zvakadaro? Chingangove chikonzero: Kana jini riripo mumakopi masere pane maviri, rinogona kuverengwa kakapetwa kana nekukurumidza. Iyo octoploid genome saka inogona kugonesa huwandu hukuru hweprotein inodiwa kuti igadzirwe nekukurumidza. Kugona uku kunoratidzikawo kuve kwakakosha pakuvandudzwa kwe kusanaya kwemvura.
MuCraterostigma, mamwe majini ane chekuita nekushivirira kukuru kusanaya kwemvura anotodzokororwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira izvo zvinonzi ELIPs-iyo acronym inomiririra "early light inducible proteins," sezvo inokurumidza kuchinjwa nechiedza uye inodzivirira kubva kune oxidative stress. Zvinowanikwa muhuwandu hwemakopi akakwirira mumarudzi ose anoramba kusanaya kwemvura.
"Craterostigma ine pedyo ne200-ELIP majini akada kufanana uye ari mumapoka makuru emakopi gumi kana makumi maviri pamakromosome akasiyana," Bartels anotsanangura. Zvidyarwa zvinoshivirira kusanaya kwemvura nokudaro zvinokwanisa kutora padandemutande rakakura remajini izvo zvinogona kukurumidza kudzora kana kusanaya kwemvura.
Mhuka dzinonzwa kusanaya kwemvura dzinowanzova nemajini mamwe chete—zvisinei nenhamba dzakaderera. Izviwo hazvishamise: Mbeu nemukume zvezvirimwa zvakawanda zvinowanzo kwanisa kumera mushure menguva refu isina mvura. Saka vanewo chirongwa chemajini chekudzivirira kusanaya kwemvura. "Zvisinei, chirongwa ichi chinowanzodzimwa pakumera uye hachigone kuitwazve mushure," anotsanangura nezve botanist. "Mukumuka kwezvirimwa, zvakasiyana, inoramba ichishanda."
Mhando dzakawanda 'dzinogona kuita' kusanaya kwemvura
Kushivirira kusanaya kwemvura, ipapoka, chimwe chinhu icho ruzhinji rwemiti “runogona kuita.” Majini anopa kugona uku angangodaro akabuda kare-kare munguva yekushanduka-shanduka. Zvisinei, mambure aya anonyanya kushanda mumarudzi anoramba kusanaya kwemvura uye, uyezve, haasi kushanda chete pane mamwe matanho ehupenyu.
Izvo zvakati, kwete yese sero muCraterostigma plantagineum ine yakafanana "chirongwa chekusanaya kwemvura" kana. Izvi zvakaratidzwa nevatsvakurudzi veYunivhesiti yeDüsseldorf, avo vakabatanidzwawo mukudzidza. Semuenzaniso, akasiyana ekusanaya kwemvura majeneti anoshanda mumidzi panguva yedesiccation pane mumashizha. Izvi hazvitarisirwi: Mashizha, semuenzaniso, anoda kuzvidzivirira kubva pakukuvadza kwezuva. Vanobatsirwa mune izvi neELIPs, semuenzaniso. Nehunyoro hwakakwana, chirimwa ichi chinoumba mafotosynthetic pigments ayo anotora mwaranzi zvishoma. Kudzivirirwa kwomusikirwo uku kunokundikana zvikuru munguva yokusanaya kwemvura. Midzi, zvakasiyana, haifaniri kunetseka nekupisa kwezuva.
Chidzidzo chacho chinovandudza kunzwisisa kwechikonzero nei vamwe howa vanotambura zvishoma nekusanaya kwemvura. Nekufamba kwenguva, zvinokwanisa kubatsira mukuuchika zvirimwa zvakaita segorosi kana chibage zvinorarama zviri nani. kuoma. Munguva yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvi zvingangove zvichidiwa zvakanyanya kupfuura nakare kose mune ramangwana.