Pakupera kwaGunyana, vhiki yeMazuva Emunda yemafemu ekuberekesa miriwo yakaitika muNetherlands, uko kwakaunzwa mhando dzakatojairika uye nyowani. Izvo zvinozivikanwa, kuberekeswa kwebiennial yemiriwo mhando kunotora makore 15-17. Iri ibasa rinodhura uye rinorema, saka mafemu ese anopfuya mombe anodzidza mafambiro emusika nekuchenjera kuitira kuti akwanise kufanotaura kuti ndeapi marudzi nemahybrids achadiwa mukufamba kwenguva.
Ko zvino unoonepi ramangwana remusika wemuriwo?
- Mukusiyana kwechipo, zvese maererano nemhando uye zvigadzirwa.
- Mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, nokuti mavara akasiyana-siyana haasi kungobatsira chete kutaridzika kunoyevedza kwezvigadzirwa, asi mavara akasiyana emiti anovandudza hutano hwevanhu.
- Mune zvigadzirwa zvehukuru hudiki (kabichi, cauliflower, broccoli, lettuce misoro, dzungu, karoti, beet) - zviri nani zvakakodzera kumhuri diki dzemazuva ano uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekudya.
- Kurwisana nezvirwere uye zvipembenene - zvinoderedza kutsamira pane zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira chirimwa uye inopa yakachena, isina kusvibiswa yekupedzisira chigadzirwa.
Zvakare zvakakosha zvekurima tekinoroji:
- kusikwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinokwanisa kuenderana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze;
- mhando dzakanyanya kukodzera tekinoroji yemazuva ano (kukohwa nemichina kana hydroponics);
- mhando dzakakodzera kunyanya kurima organic.
Pamberi-inopikisa marudzi
Kambani inonyanyozivikanwa yeBejo iri kuyedza kugadzira mhando dzakawanda dzisingakwanisi kupa goho rakanaka mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti mhando dzinopesana nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakapararira, kuitira kuti zvive zvakakodzera kurima kweBiological uye kubatanidzwa.
Semuenzaniso, hanyanisi yeyero 'Hylander' F1, Red 'Redlander' F1 uye shallots kubva kumbeu 'Innovator' F1 ane kurwisa kwakanyanya kuhanyanisi chokwadi chehupfu (Peronospora destructor).
Tafura itsva inovimbisa beet hybrid 'Bazzu' F1 inoshingirira zvine mwero kuutachiona hunogara muvhu Rhizomania spp. yakapararira mumakore achangopfuura munyika dzeScandinavia. Chirwere ichi hachisati chaonekwa muLatvia, asi munguva yekudyidzana kwenyika, chinogona kuuyawo kwatiri nekufamba kwenguva. Zvakare, iyi hybrid inoshingirira ku beet necrotic leaf vein yellowing virus (BNYVV) uye mavara akawanda emashizha. Midzi yaro ine kushandiswa kwepasirese-yekushandisa patsva, kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza kwenguva refu.
Chinhu chinonakidza chitsva ndeye Nantes-mhando karoti yakasanganiswa 'Nagovia' F1 (kwete yekuvhiringwa neyaimbozivikanwa 'Negovia'). Inokurumidza, inobereka zvakanyanya, ine bark yakatsetseka uye inopikisa midzi yepythiosis (Pythium spp.). Ndiyo imwe yezvinonyanya kuparadza midzi panguva yekuchengetedza, nenzira imwecheteyo, chirwere ichi chinogona kuita kuti karoti inomera idonhe. Imwe inonakidza karoti yakasanganiswa ndeye 'Nordhorn' F1. Inokodzera kukohwa uye kuchengetwa kwenguva refu kwemidzi yepakati-kati (150-250 g). Iyi hybrid yakada kufanana neiyo yakakurumbira 'Nerac' F1, asi inoikunda pahutano (good resistance resistance), mashizha anoramba akamira (izvi zvakakosha panguva yekukohwa makarotsi nemichina) uye kunyange kusakwanisa kuputika nekutsemuka. Chimwe chakanakira - chakanyatsoenderana mukukura uye chimiro chemudzi, nekuda kwekuti kune goho repamusoro rezvirimwa zvemusika.
Kambani yeJapan Takii haingobatanidzi nemiriwo uye miti yekushongedza chete, yakaratidza gore rino 'Ground Control' akasiyana mavelvets (Tagetes patula), ayo akagadzirwa zvakanyanya kudzora nematodes inokuvadza zvirimwa. Kurimwa kwemhando iyi hakungodzikisi huwandu hwezvipembenene uye kurasikirwa kwegoho kunokonzerwa nazvo, asiwo kunowedzera huwandu hwezvinhu zvipenyu muvhu, kunonatsiridza chimiro chayo uye kuwedzera biodiversity.
Inofanotaura kufarira kwevatengi mumhando dzakasiyana dzemacabbage
Ramangwana remusika wemiriwo rinoonekwa mune zvigadzirwa zvidiki-diki, zvinosanganisira zvakasiyana siyana zvekabichi.
Mufananidzo: kubva mudura re "AGRO TOPA"
Mafemu akawanda anopfuya mombe anotarisira kuti kudiwa kwechinyakare musoro makabheji kuchadzikira mune ramangwana, ukuwo kufarira kwevatengi kune mamwe macabbage kuchawedzera.
Kupihwa kwecauliflower mahybrids kunozadzikiswa nekambani Bejo 'Newlyn' F1 - koliflower kuti iunganidzwe mukupera kwematsutso. Inochengetedza hutano hwayo kwenguva yakareba uye inoshivirira chando chehusiku zvakanaka. Misoro inoramba yakareba panguva yekuziva.
Kune chikamu chayo, femu yeSakata inopa itsva violet cauliflower hybrid 'Purpurina' F1. Inokura nekukurumidza, inogadzira misoro yakanaka yakatenderedzwa yeruvara rwepepuru yakanyanya uye yakakodzera kurima kubva muchirimo kusvika matsutso.
Kambani yeRijk Zwaan inosimbisa kusamira kwezvirwere, izvi zvinoratidzwa nemhando itsva yehybrid 'Johnsson' F1, iyo yakaberekeswa zvakanyanya kuNetherlands gore rino. Iyo Romanesco mhando cauliflower 'Delaverde' F1 inosiyaniswawo neKuramba kwakanaka kwechirwere uye kukura kwakasimba. Inokodzera kukohwa kwematsutso.
Nhau dziri zvakare pakati pe broccoli. Iyo femu Sakata inopa mhando nyowani yepepuru broccoli 'Purple Magic', iyo inoburitsa mukupera kwezhizha uye matsutso, ichigadzira misoro inorema kutenderera 400 g.
White kabichi haina kukanganwa. Itsva yakasanganiswa yekambani yeBejo 'Expectation' F1 yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kwenguva refu, ine kumira kwakanaka kune thrips (Thrips spp.) uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashizha. Misoro iri nyore kuchenesa. Musanganiswa uyu wakakodzera kukura muvhu revhu. Imwe hybrid 'Chinook' F1 yakagadzirirwa kugadziriswa, inoumba misoro yakaora mwoyo, inosiyaniswa negoho rakakwirira. Inokodzera kukohwa muna Nyamavhuvhu, kutanga kwaGunyana.
Yakasiyana-siyana yewhite-headed cabbage inopa ine yakasimba Rijk Zwaan. MaHybrids 'Dulcima' F1 uye 'Longma' F1 anonyanya kurwisa mathrips. Iyo hybrid 'Missourima' F1, kune rumwe rutivi, inobereka zvakanyanya, inokura zvakanyanya uye inonyanya kukodzera kugadzirwa kwe organic sauerkraut. Hybrid 'Axioma' F1 yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kwenguva refu, iyo mbesa inogona kuratidzwa kusvika ku10. June. Nenguva ino, ivhu rakatodziya zvakaringana kuti mineralization process ishande (kureva, nitrogen inoburitswa kubva kune organic matter). Kukuvadza kubva kumathrips panguva ino zvakare kushoma.
Kukura nhanga mukurumbira
MuEurope yose, kufarirwa kwemanhanga kwakawedzera mumakore gumi apfuura. Nhau dzakawanda dzinonakidza dzine kambani Sakata. Semuyenzaniso, 'Mieluna' ndiyo yekutanga butternut-mhando yakasiyana kubva pane iripo Sakata inopa. Iine michero yepamusoro-soro ine nyama yakasviba yeorenji, inorema paavhareji 1.1-1.2 kg.
Kuwedzera kune yatove yakajairika mhando dzemhando dzeHalloween ('Spyro', 'Flynn', 'Boomer' uye 'Terrafin'), vapfuri vekambani iyi vari kutanga kuzivisa vapfuri kunhamba itsva mumhando yeSpagetty uye manhanga madiki. Zvibereko zvekutanga-zvidiki zvemhuri diki, zviri nyore kugadzirira, kusanganisira mu microwave. Chasara kumirira nhamba idzi kuti dziwane zita uye mbeu dzadzo dzichapihwa kune vakasiyana siyana varimi.