Iyo Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable & Farm Market EXPO yaive yakanaka kwazvo gore rino.
Ndakanzwa simba rakatenderedza uye mukati mangu - mushure megore kana maviri pasina makonferensi handina kuziva kuti ndaisuwa sei kuva pedyo nevamwe varimi nenyanzvi dzeag. Chokwadi ndakanzwa zvakanaka.
Dan Brainard wepaMichigan State University Horticulture akakwevera pamwechete mamwe akanakisa uye akajeka mudunhu redu kutaura nezve kudzora sora, uye kuburikidza nemashiripiti ehunyanzvi takasvikawo kunzwa kubva kune imwe nyanzvi yekuCalifornia. Muchikamu chino ini ndichatsanangura mhando dzakakosha dzemarobhoti weeders, mienzaniso yezvavanokwanisa uye mashandisirwo avari kushandiswa kutengeserana muCalifornia.
Steve Fennimore anobva kuUniversity of California, Davis anoshanda nevarimi vanoshandisa marobhoti ekusakura aya mumuriwo. Kutanga akaita misiyano mishoma pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemarobhoti weeders. Yekutanga, ine yakaderera nhanho yekuoma, ndeye kamera-inotungamirwa hitches (mufananidzo 1). Aya anodhonzwa kuseri kwetirakita neatatu-poinzi hitch uye toolbar inofambiswa kuruboshwe nekurudyi (perpendicular kune nzira yekufamba) nema hydraulic cylinders. Kufamba kunodzorwa nemakamera “anoona” chirimwa, achichengeta maturusi ari pamutsara wezvirimwa. Masora anotungamirirwa nekamera anongochengeta maturusi ekusakura echinyakare ari pakati pemutsara.
Tevere, ine nhanho yepakati yekuoma, tirakita-yakaiswa mu-mutsara marobhoti weeders (mufananidzo 2, uri pamufananidzo kumusoro). Aya zvakare anodhonzwa kuseri kwetirakita neatatu-mapoinzi hitch, zvisinei, iwo haashandise echinyakare maturusi ekusakura, asi pane kamera yemutsetse wega wega uye kamera inotungamira chidimbu chesimbi chinofamba pakati pezvirimwa zvega. Marobhoti anorima matirakita akaiswa mumutsara anoda munhu anotyaira tirakita kana kuidzora.
Rudzi rwekupedzisira rwekusakura robhoti, ine nhanho huru yekuoma, inozvimiririra marobhoti weeders (mufananidzo 3). Michina iyi haidi tirakita kana opareta uye kana mepu yemunda yangoiswa inozvifambisa yoga mumunda kwemaawa panguva, masikati kana husiku. Parizvino michina yekusakura iyi yakazvimiririra inogona kutakura midziyo yekusakura yechinyakare (kutsvaira, masora eminwe, nezvimwewo) uye kwete mashizha anodzorwa nekamera anosakura pakati pechirimwa chimwe nechimwe.
Fennimore akaita miedzo yakawanda, uye akagovera data yake pamusoro penguva inodiwa kune chimwe nechimwe. Kurima ekare relettuce kunoda madhora mazana mana nemakumi matatu nepfumbamwe paeka pasora. Panguva yese iyi yekusakura, kusakura nemaoko kunoda 439%, 68% kurimwa kwetirakita, uye 9% kuisa mishonga yesora. Kusakura nemaoko ndiwo mutengo mukuru wekubvisa sora.
Fennimore akacherekedza matatu akasiyana marobhoti masora ari kushandiswa muCalifornia. The Stout (mufananidzo 2) itirakita-yakaiswa mu-row robhoti weeder. Iyo Titan (mufananidzo 4) zvakare tirakita-yakaiswa mu-mutsara robhoti weeder asi inouya netirakita yayo, uye Dino inozvimiririra marobhoti weeder ine maturusi echinyakare (mufananidzo 3). Fennimore akagovera mhedzisiro yemiedzo yakapedzwa naye naRichard Smith vachiratidza izvo zvitatu izvi zvinogona kuita.
Mashandiro emuchina wacho aive akasiyana (sezvakangoita kurima). Semuenzaniso mune imwe kuyedza mumunda wekutengesa muchina weTitan wakabvisa 69% yemasora mumutsara uye yakaderedza nguva yekusakura nemaoko nehafu (zvichienzaniswa neyekare kurima pakati pemutsara), asi mune imwe kuyedza yakabvisa chete 31% yemasora. mumutsara uye yakaderedzwa nguva yekusakura ruoko neinenge 10%.
Mune imwe ongororo yetsvakiridzo, kurimwa kwetirakita pakati pemitsara kwakabvisa 66% yesora pamubhedha uye Titan yakabvisa 91%. Mukuedza uku Titan yakaderedza kusakura kwemaoko nehafu kana zvichienzaniswa nekurima tarakita pakati pemitsara. Mune imwe ongororo yemunda wekutengesa Stout yakabvisa 98% yesora mumutsara uye yakaderedza nguva yekusakura nemaoko nehafu kana zvichienzaniswa nekurima kwetarakita pakati pemutsara (kunyangwe mune imwe nzira yakaderedza sora ne52% - zvakare, mhedzisiro inoshanduka). Dino rakaiswa zvigunwe zvemasora, uye rakabvisa 61% yesora zvichienzaniswa nekurima tarakita pakati pemitsara yakabvisa 41% yesora.
Fennimore akafadzwa nekugona kwemichina iyi kushanda nemazvo muminda ine masora akawandisa. Muna Chikunguru, pakanga paine munda we lettuce wakafukidzwa nepurslane (mufananidzo 5). Akafunga kuti vaifanira kukanzura muyedzo nekuti komputa yaisakwanisa kuona musiyano pakati pemiti ye lettuce nemasora, asi kambani yeStout yakafunga kuti yaigona kuzviita. Kurimwa kwetarakita kwakanyatsobvisa kana sora mumutsara, asi Stout yakabvisa 76% yesora mumutsara. Nekuwanda kwesora zvakatora nguva yakareba kuti ipfuure mumunda - kurimwa kwetarakita kwaida maawa makumi manomwe nemasere paeka apo Stout yaida maawa makumi matatu paeka. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji, varimi vakakomberedza Steve vakaona kuti tirakita-yakaiswa marobhoti weeders inogona kurima 78-acre munda mu30-10 maawa.
Fennimore akati senyanzvi yeExtension ane hanya nemari yekugadzira; kunyange kana izvi robhoti weeders kushanda zvinoshamisa, kana kuwedzera kugadzirwa mari nokunyanyisa, hazvina kunaka kuti varimi.
Akataura chidzidzo achienzanisa mitengo yemarobhoti weeder nemaoko kusakura mu lettuce (Tourte et al., mukuongorora). Vanoona kuti zvinodhura paavhareji $161 paeka imwe chete kubata sora lettuce. Vakabva vaona mutengo wemhando nhatu dzakasiyana dzetirakita-yakamisikidzwa murobhoti weeders - dzakasiyana kubva pamadhora gumi nematanhatu- $166 paeka (kusanganisira tirakita, mutyairi, mutengo wemuchina uye kugadzirisa). Kushandiswa kwemichina iyi kunogona kuderedza mari yekusakura nemaoko kusvika pamadhora zana paeka, asi mari yese yekudzora sora uchishandisa marobhoti masora kubva pamadhora mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu nemazana matatu nematatu paeka.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kushandisa marobhoti masora kunodhura kupfuura kusakura nemaoko. Saka nei vamwe varimi muCalifornia vachitora aya marobhoti masora?
Fennimore akaita tsvakiridzo nekufunga kuti aone chikonzero nei. Akawana ongororo yevakuru vakuru vachivabvunza kuti nei vachida kutora tekinoroji (Economist, 1/16/21). Vakataura kuti michina inogona kuderedza njodzi (vanhu vashoma vanokuvara), kuve yakavimbika kupfuura vashandi uye kubatsira nekuita kuti mitengo itarisike. Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga yesora iri kuratidza kudzoka kuri kudzikira uye vashoma vechidiki vanoshuvira kuve masora emawoko.
Nekuda kwekuti marobhoti masora anoda mari (yakajairika Stout model i$350,000) mamwe makambani anotenderana nekushandisa muchina uyu - sekuti unohaya sei mushonga wekupfapfaidza kana kukohwa.
Parizvino, aya anozvimiririra marobhoti masora uye tirakita-yakamisikidzwa mu-mutsara marobhoti masora akaiswa munzvimbo huru dzenyika yedu dzinogadzira muriwo muSouthern California neArizona. Asi ndakataura neMukuru weStout, Brent Shedd, uye anondiudza kuti vane michina muFlorida neGeorgia, uye kufarira kubva kuMidwest. Saka tichaona kuti aya masora ari robotic anopararira sei.
- Sam Hitchcock Tilton, VGN munyori