Hanyanisi chinhu chakakosha mukudya kwakawanda pasi rose. Ivo havangofarirwa chete nekunakirwa kwavo asiwo nekuda kwehutano hwavo hwakawanda. Zvisinei, hanyanisi inobatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana izvo zvinokwanisa kuderedza goho rayo, kunaka pamwe nekuchengeta. Semurimi kana murimi, kunzwisisa hosha hosha dzehanyanisi kwakakosha kudzivirira kuitika kwadzo nekudzibata nemazvo.
#Zvirwere zveOnion #CommonOnionDiseases #OnionHealth #OnionFarming #PlantDiseases #Fungicides #CropRotation
Heano mamwe ezvirwere zvakajairika zvehanyanisi, zviratidzo zvadzo, uye maitiro ekuzvigadzirisa:
- Downy chakuvhe
Zviratidzo: Zvigamba zveyero-yegirinhi pamashizha zvinoshanduka kuita shava-ruvara rwepepuru sezvo hosha ichikura. Mashizha anogonawo kukanganiswa, uye chena fluffy kukura inogona kuonekwa pasi pemashizha.
Dziviriro nekurapa: Dyara mbeu dzisingarambiki, chengetedza nzvimbo yakafanira pakati pezvirimwa, dzivisa kudiridzira pamusoro, uye dzidzira kutenderedza mbeu. Mafungicides akadai semhangura-based kana phosphorus-based anogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa chirwere.
- Botrytis mashizha blight
Zviratidzo: Chirwere ichi chinotanga semaronda akazara nemvura pamashizha, ayo anozoita grey-brown uye akaoma. Mashizha akabatwa anogonawo kumonyoroka uye kupeta, uye magirobhu anogona kuora panguva yekuchengetedza.
Kudzivirirwa uye kurapwa: Dyara mhando dzisingachinji, chengetedza mhepo yakanaka uye dzivirira hunyoro hwepamusoro. Mafungicides akadai sechlorothalonil uye mancozeb anogona kushandiswawo kubata chirwere ichi.
- Fusarium basal kuora
Zviratidzo: Chirwere ichi chinokanganisa basal plate yehanyanisi, zvichiita kuti ive yakapfava, iine mvura, uye kushanduka ruvara. Midzi inogonawo kuora, zvichiita kuti mashizha awoma.
Kudzivirirwa nekurapwa: Dyarai mbeu dzinoshingirira, dzivisai kudyara muvhu risina kucheneswa, uye dzidzirai nekuchinjanisa mbeu. Fungicides senge thiophanate-methyl uye azoxystrobin inogona kushandiswa kubata chirwere ichi.
- Onion smut
Zviratidzo: Chirwere ichi chinoratidzika sechitema, hupfu pamashizha, madzinde, uye magirobhu. Magirobhu ane hutachiwana anogona kudonha nekuremara, uye mashizha anogona kuve eyero nekuoma.
Dziviriro nekurapa: Dyarai mbeu dzisingarambiki, dzivisai kudyara magirobhu ane utachiona kana muvhu rine utachiona, uye itai tichichinjanisa mbeu. Fungicides yakadai semhangura-based inogona kushandiswawo kubata chirwere ichi.
Mukupedzisa, kudzivirira nekugadzirisa zvirwere zvikuru zvehanyanisi zvinoda musanganiswa wezviyero zvakaita sekudyara mbeu dzinoshingirira, nzvimbo yakafanira nekupinza mhepo, kutenderedza mbesa, nekushandiswa kwemishonga yefungidziro. Kukurumidza kuonekwa uye kuita chiito nokukurumidza kwakakoshawo kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere. Nekunzwisisa nekuita matanho aya, varimi nevarimi vanokwanisa kuona goho rehanyanisi rine utano uye rine goho repamusoro.