Chikwata chikuru chepasi rese chemasayendisiti ane kwakasiyana siyana chakawana kuti paive nezviitiko zviviri zvekuchengeta mazambiringa zvakakonzera kushandiswa kwavo mukugadzira waini. Mubepa ravo rakaburitswa mujenari sainzi, boka rinotsanangura kufambisa yakakura-yakamboita genome kutevedzana kwemhando dzemuzambiringa, kunyanya panguva yekuvharwa kwedenda. Robin Allaby neYunivhesiti yeWarwick, akaburitsa chidimbu cheMaonero mune imwecheteyo magazini nyaya inotsanangura basa rakaitwa nechikwata.
Vanhu vanga vachigadzira waini kubva kumazambiringa uye vachidya marudzi etafura kwenguva yakareba, asi kusvika zvino, zvishoma zvavo shanduko nhoroondo zvaizivikanwa. Zvagara zvichifungidzirwa kuti waini yakarimwa muzambiringa Vitis vinifera, yakatanga kuchengetwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeWestern Asia, uye kuti marudzi makuru ose anoshandiswa nhasi akabva kwavari. Izvo zvave zvichifungidzirwa kuti mhando dzewaini dzemizambiringa dzakarimwa dzisati dzave dzakarimwa kuti dzidye, dzinonzi marudzi etafura. Mukuedza kutsva uku, vaongorori vakawana humbowo hunoratidza kuti fungidziro mbiri idzi hadzina kunaka.
Basa racho raisanganisira kuwana nekuongorora majenomes e2,448 masamples emuzambiringa akatorwa kubva kunzvimbo 23 dzinosanganisira nyika gumi nenhanhatu—masamples acho aisanganisira zvese zvemusango uye zvemumba. marudzi emazambiringa. Vatsvagiri vakagadzira chromosome-level genome yeVitis sylvestris uye ndokuteedzera 3,186 akasiyana miunganidzwa vachiishandisa sereferensi.
Vakaona kuti paiva nevaviri nzvimbo dzejografi uko mazambiringa akatanga kupfuyiwa, rimwe kuCaucasus, rimwe kumadokero kweAsia. Iyo data yakaratidzawo kuti kuchengetwa mumatunhu maviri aya kwakaitika panguva imwe chete - makore angangoita 11,000 apfuura - uye zvakare zvakapindirana nematanho ekutanga ekurima. Chikwata ichi zvakare chakawana kuti mazambiringa etafura aive ari kuchengetwa panguva imwe chete.
Vatsvakurudzi vakawanawo akati wandei majini zvinhu iyo yakaita basa mukuchengetwa kwemazambiringa, ayo avanoti anogona kushandiswa kuvandudza nzira yekugadzira waini, kunyanya sezvo nzvimbo zhinji dzinorimwa mazambiringa dzinotarisirwa kuitika. shanduko yezvakatipoteredza sezvo kudziya kwepasi kunoenderera mberi.