Varimi vari kutoona migumisiro yehusiku hwechando hunodziya uye mazuva ezhizha anopisa pazvirimwa zvavo. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kuwedzera kwekushisa kwese kunokanganisa zvakawanda zvekurima, kusanganisira kuti mbesa dzinorimwa kupi uye sei.
Tapan Pathak, University of California Cooperative Extension nyanzvi iri kuUC Merced, ari kuita tsvakiridzo inoshandiswa nevarimi nevapfuri vanogona kushandisa kujairana nemamiriro matsva anogadzirwa nekushanduka uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
"Haufanire kushandura maitiro ako mangwana, asi kana uri kufunga kuita makore makumi matatu ekudyara, zvakakosha kuti uzive njodzi dziripo dzekudyara mbesa dzakasiyana," Pathak, anogara muSierra Nevada Research Institute. kuUC Merced, akadaro mukuburitswa kwenhau.
Pathak anosachigaro weUC Cooperative Extension Climate Change Chirongwa Chikwata, chine chinangwa chekuwedzera kugona pakati pevadzidzi veUCCE kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze neruzivo rwesainzi. Pathak zvakare anodyidzana nenyanzvi dzekuwedzera kubva kumadokero kweUS kuita zviitiko zvekuwedzera zvine chekuita nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Anoshanda pamwe chete nehurumende nemasangano ehurumende munyika yose uye varimi kuti vaone shanduko dziri kuitika nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa kurima. Tsvagiridzo yaPathak inozivisa sarudzo dzevarimi, semhando yezvirimwa, mazuva ekudyara nekukohwa, kupisa kwakanyanya uye kudzivirira chando uye kutonga kwezvipembenene.
“Tiri kuona kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze, zviri pachena. Tine dzimwe mhinduro dziripo, asi tinofanirawo kuita tsvakiridzo dzakanangana nezvirimwa zvemuno kuitira kuti kurima kushingirire kunjodzi dzemamiriro ekunze,” akadaro Pathak.
Sainzi weUCCE ndiye aive munyori aitungamira pabepa rakakosha iro rakagadzira zvinokonzeresa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pakurima kweCalifornia uye inopa mafambiro ekutsvaga nekuita mune ramangwana. Vanyori vakagumisa kuti zvinenge zvirimwa zvese zveCalifornia, pamwe chete zvakakosha zvinodarika mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu emadhora pagore, zvichave mungozi kune imwe nhanho nekukwira kwekushisa uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Chidzidzo "Climate Change Trends uye inimubatanidzwa paCalifornia Agriculture” yakaburitswa muAgronomy muna 2018.
"Ini ndinofunga kuti pane mhinduro dzakawanda dziripo uye panodiwawo pachena tsvakiridzo yekuchinjisa inosanganisira maonero evarimi," akadaro Pathak, uyo akagamuchira Mubairo weUtungamiri Hwemamiriro ekunze wekutsvaga kubva kusangano revarimi. California Climate & Agriculture Network.
Pathak ari kudyidzana zvakanyanya neUC Davis-based UCCE nyanzvi Daniele Zaccaria, ari kutungamira chirongwa chepasi rose chekuongorora bioclimatic indices uye kugadzira index iyo inonyanya kukosha pakurima kwekudiridza, iyo inosanganisira masayendisiti kubva kuUS, Italy, Brazil neChile. .
"A bioclimatic index yakanangana nekurima kwekudiridza inogona kupa ruzivo rwakanyanya uye rwakakosha rwekurima kwekusanaya kwemvura kunogona kubatsira pakuronga zviwanikwa zvemvura uye sarudzo dzekutonga," akadaro Pathak.
Cal AgroClimate
Pathak iri kugadzira webhu-based based support system inonzi Cal AgroClimate yekubatsira varimi kuita sarudzo, yakabatana neUSDA California Climate Hub director Steven Ostoja. Iri kuvakwa papuratifomu imwe chete ne AgroClimate, iyo inofarirwa nevarimi vekuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva.
Cal AgroClimate inoshandura nhoroondo yemamiriro ekunze uye fungidziro dzenguva yemberi kuita sarudzo inobatsira yekutsigira varimi. Semuenzaniso, varimi vanogona kuwana kupisa kwakanyanya uye chando kuraira kwemazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemana anotevera mudunhu ravo uye zviwanikwa zvakakosha kuti vaderedze njodzi dzechirimwa chavanenge vasarudza. Iri muchikamu chekutanga chebudiriro uye ichasanganisira sutu yezvishandiso zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye zvinokosheswa zvakaonekwa nevanoshanda navo UCCE, varimi uye nharaunda yezvekurima zvachose.
Pamusoro pebasa rake paCal AgroClimate, Pathak anga achiita tsvakiridzo pazvirimwa zvakati.
madomasi
mune kudzidza kutarisa kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwematomatisi muCentral Valley, Pathak uye UCCE chipangamazano Scott Stoddard akawana kuti kuchinja tembiricha zvingangoita shandura mwaka wekurima madomasi. Masayendisiti akatarisa kugadzirisa data yemadomasi kutanga kubva 1950 uye fungidziro ye2030-2040 kuti vaone kuti nguva yekukura iri kuchinja sei.
"Kazhinji, nguva kubva pakukura kusvika pakukura, nguva yekugadzira matomatisi mudunhu iri ichadzikira nemavhiki maviri kusvika matatu," akadaro Pathak. "Mazhinji ma processor ane nguva yavo yenguva yavanoda madomasi kuti agadziriswe uye saka kana iwe uine shanduko iyi muphenology, inoshandura nguva yekuti kana yakura uye yakagadzirira ma processor. Saka, pane shanduko yese mumanejimendi iyo varimi vangazofunga nezvayo mune ramangwana. "
maarumondi
Kuti vaone ruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze varimi vealmond vanofanirwa kutora matanho ekuchinja, UC Berkeley postdoctoral muongorori Kripa Jagannathan, aimbova chipangamazano weUCCE David Doll naPathak. yakabvunzurudza varimi vealmond muCentral Valley. Munguva yehurukuro dzavo nevarimi, vatsvakurudzi vakajekesa kuti fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu haisi yekufungidzira kwemwaka kana mamiriro ekunze kwemakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu anotevera. Iwo mafungidziro anopa ruzivo rwemaitiro kana mukana wekuchinja kubva kumamiriro enhoroondo ekuita sarudzo dzenguva refu dzekuronga.
Kudzora zvipembenene ndiyo imwe nzvimbo iyo varimi vachada kuita shanduko. Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa nachipangamazano weUCCE Jhalendra Rijal naPathak inoratidza kuti almond pest navel orangeworm iri kutowedzera hupenyu hwayo kuchizvarwa chechishanu mumwaka.
Strawberries
Kune mastrawberries, Pathak, UCCE entomology uye biologicals chipangamazano Surendra Dara uye postdoctoral muongorori Mahesh Maskey vakagadzira muenzaniso wekufanotaura goho revhiki nevhiki zvichibva pane data yemamiriro ekunze. "Modhi yacho yaive chaiyo yedunhu reSanta Maria," akadaro Pathak. "Modhi yakanangana nechirimwa inogona kushandiswa pakubata basa kwete kungotarisira zvirimwa."
Nekuti California inogadzira zvinopfuura mazana mana ezvigadzirwa zvekurima, kujairana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuchave kwakaoma kupfuura mune dzimwe nyika.
Mufananidzo uri pamusoro: Tapen Pathak, kuruboshwe, uye Mahesh Maskey vanogadzirisa masensa mumunda westrawberry muna 2018. Vachishanda naSurenda Dara, vakagadzira muenzaniso wekufanotaura zvibereko zvevhiki nevhiki zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze.