Nehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rose hunofungidzirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni 9.9 muna 2050, pfungwa yakakweverwa kubvunza kuti nhamba huru iyi yevanhu pasi pano ingararama sei kana tichitarisa kuwanda kwakanyanya kwekushaikwa kwechikafu munyika. Maererano nehuwandu ne FAO, chikamu chekushaikwa kwechikafu muna 2020 chaive 11.9%, uye huwandu hwevanhu vasina kuchengetedzwa zvakanyanya mugore rimwe chete hwaive 927.6 miriyoni. Kune zvakare nyaya yekusanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uko kuri kuwedzera kurimwa kwezvirimwa munyika pamwe nekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu.
Kununura mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuponesa nyika kubva kunzara iri kuuya, panodiwa kuisa pamberi kunyatsogadzirwa zvekurima. Kurima chaiko kune chekuita nekushandiswa kweruzivo rwechizvino-zvino kuitira kuti zvirimwa nevhu zviwane huwandu chaihwo hwekudya (kungava mvura, fetereza) inodiwa kuti goho riwedzere, pundutso, uye raramo.
Imwe yetekinoroji yemazuva ano inosimudzira dhiraivha yekurima kwayo ndeye Unmanned Aerial Vehicles - drones. Nehurombo, vashoma chete varimi nenyanzvi dzezvekurima vanoshandisa tekinoroji iyi kukurumidza kufambisa zvinotarisirwa mumabhizinesi avo.
Muchinyorwa chino, ndichave ndichiratidzira kukosha kwekushandiswa kwemadrone mukurima uye kukosha kwekuvashandisa mumapurazi kuti vawane goho rakawanda, pundutso, uye kusimudzira.
Chii chinonzi drones?
Drone imotokari yemuchadenga isina munhu inokwanisa kubhururuka ichishandisa Global Positioning System (GPS) uye kuunganidza ruzivo nezve nzvimbo yayakatariswa uchishandisa inbuilt Geographic Information System (GIS). Drones matekinoroji ane simba anobatsira pakutarisa, kutarisa, kuunganidza data, uye kutora mifananidzo yenzvimbo yakanangwa, nerubatsiro rweiyo inbuilt kamera uye onboard sensors.
Drones anoshandiswa nemasangano akasiyana uye mabhizinesi ekutarisa nekuchengetedza. Mune mamwe maindasitiri akaita seinishuwarenzi, zvekurima uye kuvaka, drones inoshandisa basa rakakura rekuchengetedza nguva, mutengo, uye simba. Nemusika wayo wepasi rose unofungidzirwa kukwira kusvika pamadhora mazana mana nemakumi mana nemakumi mana nemazana mana panosvika 43.4 bhiriyoni panosvika 2025, ma drones ari kukurumidza kuve chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa maindasitiri akati wandei.
Nepo tekinoroji yedrone ichiri kunetsekana kuti iite mune zvekurima, pane zvinokurudzira, zvinofambira mberi zvekutorwa kwehunyanzvi mumapurazi mazuva ano. Zvakare, ichangobva kuburitswa neMarketWatch anofanotaura misika yezvekurima yepasi rose yemadrones kusvika pamadhora 10.5 bhiriyoni panosvika 2028. Kufanotaura uku kunosimbisa kukosha kwemadrones muchikamu chekurima.
Mhedzisiro yemadrones mune zvekurima
Drone chinhu chakakosha mukurima. Iyo tekinoroji inobatsira varimi neagronomists kuona, kuunganidza data remhando uye ruzivo nezve kukura kwezvirimwa. Zvinobatsirawo kuita mabasa akakosha pamapurazi ayo anogona kunge akadhurira varimi zviwanikwa zvavo. Drones kuchengetedza nguva. Vanokwanisa kuwana nzvimbo yepurazi iyo inogona kunetsa kusvika netsoka uye kuunganidza data nezvehutano hwezvirimwa. Drones inobatsirawo pamapurazi kudzora kuitika kwenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga semafashamo.
Kunyanya kukosha, chinangwa chekupedzisira che drones mumapurazi ndechekubatsira kurima chaiko, uye ndizvo zvavanoita mukurima.
Ma drones anobatsira sei mukurima chaiko
Kuitira kuchengetedza nyika kubva kunzara yava pedyo, mafemu akawanda ekurima ari kutatarika nekuda kwekurima nemazvo. Imwe yemafemu ane mukurumbira ari kutungamira mujaho uyu iMicrosoft ine yayo Azure FarmBeasts chirongwa. Iyi software inobatsira varimi kugadzirisa data rakaunganidzwa muminda vachishandisa artificial intelligence (AI) kana Machine Learning (ML) modhi. Inogonawo kuiswa pane drones (SenseFly) kutora mifananidzo uye kutarisa hutano hwepurazi, kuona mamiriro evhu, kupa varimi mhinduro nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Drones kutora chikamu kwekurima chaiko kunocheka mabasa anogonesa vanhu uye mamwe asingagone kuitwa nevanhu. Anogona kushandiswa kuita mabasa akaita sekudyara mbeu, kucherechedza hutano hwezvirimwa, kudiridza zvirimwa, kupfapfaidza zvirimwa (kudzivirira zvirwere). Vanobatsira zvakare mumagwaro efotereza uye kuona zvirwere zvezvirimwa.
Kudyara/kudyara mbeu:
Drones inosimbiswa kuti inoshanda kupfuura vanhu panguva yekudyara zvirimwa. Drone inokwanisa kudyara 10x nekukurumidza kupfuura chero munhu anodyara, uye inogona kuvhara maeka makuru evhu achiita basa iri mukati menguva pfupi. MuAfrica, kambani yeagrotech, aeroseed, yakarongawo kudyara miti 100,000 pazuva mukondinendi ichishandisa maUAV maviri chete. Izvi ndezvekuratidza kushanda uye nekukurumidza madrones mukudyara mbeu.
Kupfapfaidza zvirimwa:
Drones inokwanisa kupfapfaidza zvirimwa nemazvo uye nemazvo. Kupfapfaidza fetireza, mushonga wezvipembenene, mushonga wesora, fungicide, uye desiccant zvinhu pazvirimwa zvinogona kuitwa nemadrones zvinobudirira kupfuura vanhu uye kunyangwe michina yakaita sematirakita.
Vanogona kupfapfaidza zvakaenzana uye zvine hungwaru pasina kunyanya kucherechedzwa nevarimi. Izvi zvinoita kuti nyanzvi dzezvekurima dzichengetedze mari yekunyoresa kufefeterwa nevanhu. Nzira iyi zvakare inodzivirira hutano hwevashandi kubva munjodzi.
Ongororo/kutarisa
Nehungwaru kupfuura hwemunhu, drone dzinogona kuunganidza mishumo nezvehutano nekusimudzirwa kwezvirimwa pamunda. Ivo vakanyanya kunaka pakuongorora. Drones dzinobatsira kuona munda wemuchadenga, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa nemurimi kuona kukura kwembesa uye kuona nzvimbo dzinoda madiridziro akakodzera kuti pave negoho rakawanda.
Kune mamwe akawanda masevhisi anopihwa nema drones mumapurazi kubatsira mune zvekurima. Izvi zvakadaro zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemadrones anenge asarudza kushandisa murimi mumunda wake.
Mhando dzeDrones
Kune marudzi maviri makuru emadrones akanakira kurima. Iwo maRotary drones uye Fixed-wing drones. Rotary drones anozivikanwa kuva maUAV akanakisa ekutora mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro ari pedyo.
Fixed-wing drones, kune rumwe rutivi, vakanaka pakugadzira nzvimbo yakakura yevhu munguva pfupi, nekuda kwekumhanya kwayo kukuru. Fixed-wing drones inogonawo kumira nemhepo uye kushanda zvakanaka pasi pemamiriro ekunze anotyisa.
mhedziso
Precision kurima ndiyo ichiri kutariswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri mazhinji ezvekurima munyika. Matani emapurazi ave kubatanidza tekinoroji yedrone mumabasa avo ekurima kuitira kuchengetedza mutengo, kuita goho rakawanda uye purofiti.
Muna 2020, nhamba dzeFAO dzakasimbisa kuti vanhu vanopfuura 281 miriyoni muAfrica vaive vasina chikafu mukondinendi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusakwana kwevarimi vari mukurima nemazvo.
Kunyange hazvo kurima chaiko (& kushandiswa kwemadrones mune zvekurima) kuchiri chinhu chisiri chinhu muAfrica, kune mabhizinesi ekurima uye ekutanga ari kushanda kuunza tsika iyi mukondinendi. Pane Zenvus (Naijeriya), Technoserve (Uganda), I-Drone Service Limited (Zambia), Aeroseed (Nigeria), nezvimwe zvakawanda.