Kudzokorora kwekuwedzera kwakanyanya mumutengo we "borscht set" yakaitika munguva yechando yapfuura, zvichida, haizove nekuda kwekuunganidza kwakanaka kwemiriwo. Asi, zvisinei neizvi, kushanduka kwemwaka mumitengo yavo kucharamba iripo. Nyanzvi dzekambani "Nyamavhuvhu", inotungamira yekuRussia inogadzira zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvirimwa, yakataura nezve zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza goho uye kudzora zvipembenene, zvirwere uye masora pazvirimwa zvemuriwo.
“Zvirimwa zvemuriwo zvenzvimbo huru (hanyanisi, matomatisi, makarotsi, tafura beet, kureva iyo inonzi borscht set) inoda zvikuru kuchengetedza. Kudiwa kwemakemikari uye zvipenyu nzira nekuda kwezvinangwa izvi kunokonzerwa, kunyanya, nenyaya yekuti basa remaoko riri kuwedzera kudhura nhasi, panguva imwe chete kuwana huwandu hwakakwana hwebasa huri kuderera uye zvinova zvisingaite kuwana kodzero. nhamba yevashandi kunyangwe nemari yakawanda, "anodaro Dmitry Belov, Musoro weDhipatimendi Rokuvandudza Zvigadzirwa weJSC Firm Nyamavhuvhu.
Miriwo inoratidzwa kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvirwere. Aya ndiwo fungal, mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya zvirwere, uye tupukanana twakawanda tunodzorwa nenhamba huru yemishonga yakawanda pane zvimwe zvirimwa. Nepo kune zvirimwa zvemiriwo zvakakosha kushandisa gadziriro chaidzo, senge, semuenzaniso, kudzora makonye ezvipembenene zvelepidoptera. Zvipembenene zvinogadzirisa zvinogadzirisa, ovicidal uye larvicidal drugs, anti-mite agents, nezvimwewo zvinogona kudiwa.
Dziviriro inodiwa zvakare isati yachengetwa. Miriwo yakasiyana-siyana ine mazwi akasiyana zvakanyanya uye zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza mamiriro, ayo anowanzo ari Achilles chitsitsinho chekukura kwemuriwo: midziyo yekuchengetedza ine inodzorwa mamiriro ekunze inodiwa kuderedza kurasikirwa uye kudzivirira kukura kwehutachiona. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kutumirwa kumatura mune fomu ine hutano uye hapana nzira yekuita pasina kudzivirirwa panguva.
Chimwe chinhu chinotaridza kudiwa kwekushandiswa kweSPR pazvirimwa zvemuriwo kudhura kwembeu. Saka, mutengo wekirogiramu pasuru yembeu dzehanyanisi dzemhando yepamusoro unokwanisa kusvika mamirioni akati wandei rubles. Zvisinei, zvirwere zvakadai se stemphiliosis kana peronosporosis, fusarium kuora kwepasi, cervical rot, pamwe chete nezvipembenene (somuenzaniso, thrips) zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwezvirimwa munzvimbo dzose dzepurazi mukati memazuva mashomanana kana kutungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti. mushure mekurasikirwa kwekutaridzika kwekutengesa, hazvizogoneki kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro. Kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa pamapurazi emiriwo, sekutonga, hakuna kusiyana, sezvinoitwa nekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvemunda, apo, somuenzaniso, kurasikirwa kwechibage chechibage kunobhadharwa nemigumisiro yakanaka yekukohwa sunflower. Somuenzaniso, muStavropol, Kuban, Volgograd, Saratov, Astrakhan nharaunda, varimi vanonyanya kushanda muhanyanisi vanoshanda, uye kana akafa, ipapo hupfumi hwehupfumi hunofawo, uye kusakwanisa kubhadhara zvikwereti kunotungamirira kubhuroka. Nokudaro, pane zvishoma zvingangoitika zvepathogen kukura, tangi musanganiswa wemishonga inoshanda kurwisana nehutachiona hwehutachiona hunorapwa.
Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzekambani, zvirongwa zvekudzivirira makabheji zvinodzokorora zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvetsika yakakura seyakabatwa chibharo: ndevemhuri imwechete yecruciferous. Mishonga yesora yakavakirwa, kunyanya, C-metolachlor inoshandiswa pano; clopyralide, picloram, ethamesulfuron-methyl inoshandiswa kurwisa masora panguva yezvinomera. Nezvirwere, iyo chaiyo inenge yakafanana: nerubatsiro rwemishonga iyo yakanyoreswawo kushandiswa kune rapeseed nezvimwe zvirimwa, kabichi inodzivirirwa kubva kune alternariosis, chena uye grey rot, mucosal bacteriosis. Kune makarotsi muRussia, kune ivhu rinoshanda remishonga yesora uye herbicide yezvinomera zvinopesana ne dicotyledonous uye cereal sora; kune nhamba yakakwana yekugadzirira fungicidal pamusika kurwisa septoria, alternariosis, nhema powdery mildew. Chirongwa chekudzivirira kwetafura beet chiri padyo nechirongwa chekudzivirira shuga, nepo kuchengetedzwa kwemadomasi kuri munzira dzakawanda kwakafanana nekudzivirira mbatatisi, kunze kwekuti tomate zvakare inoda kuchengetedzwa kubva kuboka rekuora - grey uye sclerotiniosis. , anthracnose pathogens. Kumaodzanyemba kweRussia, madomasi anodzivirirwawo kubva kune spider mite uye makotoni. Kana iri hanyanisi, yakanyanyisa kudzivirira sisitimu yakavakirwa pamishonga kubva kumakambani emarudzi akawanda neRussia inowanikwa kwavari munyika yedu.
"Kudzora masora ndiko kunotora nguva," Dmitry Belov anosimbisa. - Pasinei nekuti kunyange ikozvino basa remaoko rinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekuchekerera, kurapwa kwemishonga yesora kunoitwa pamakarotsi, beet, hanyanisi, matomatisi uye makabheji. Kugadzirwa kwemichina inogona kuitsiva ichiri padanho rekutanga, umo varimi vemagetsi vanoshandiswa vachishandisa michina yekuona matekinoroji uye neural network. Pane kudiwa kwakanyanya kwekuziva uye kubvisa sora nenzira iyi pazvirimwa zvakasvibirira, kusanganisira saladhi marudzi emakabheji. Kazhinji, pamusika wepasi rose wekurima, matekinoroji aya haasati awanikwa zviri nyore, mabhizinesi ekurima anoshandisa kunyanya kudzivirira kwemishonga, nekuti, semuenzaniso, hazvigoneke kuita masora emawoko pamapurazi ane nzvimbo dzakakura dzevhu rinorimwa. Kazhinji, kushandiswa kwemishonga yesora kwakatochengetedzeka pane kushandisa vashandi vasina shungu.”
Dambudziko remusika weSPD wezvirimwa zvemiriwo nderekuti mishonga yakawanda inogona kuvadzivirira kazhinji haina kunyoreswa kuti ishandiswe pavari muRussia uye haigone kushandiswa (kunyangwe zvigadzirwa zvine zvinhu zvakafanana zvinoshanda zvakanyoreswa uye zvinobudirira kushandiswa kuchengetedza miriwo mu. dzimwe nyika). Asi nzira yekunyoreswa kwemushonga munyika yedu ndeyekuti mitemo yekushandiswa inogadzirwa kune imwe neimwe tsika uye chimwe nechimwe chinokuvadza chakasiyana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kubhadhara kwekunyoreswa kwemishonga inoshandiswa pamamiriyoni makumi mana ehekita yezviyo ichave yakakurumidza kakawanda kudarika mushonga unoshandiswa pa 40 zviuru mahekita emakaroti, saka, kugadzirira kwezvirimwa zvakawanda zvakanyoreswa muhuwandu kakawanda uye kakawanda. Parizvino, musika wepamba wekuchengetedzwa kwezvirimwa zvemuriwo ndeye 25-60% inogarwa nezvigadzirwa zvemakambani emarudzi akawanda. Kazhinji vanopa zvese mbishi uye mhodzi kamwechete, kuitira kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvive nekato pfupi nzira kune mutengi kupfuura yevatengesi veRussia. Hofori dzekune dzimwe nyika dzakatanga kupinda mumusika wepamba, pakanga pasina makwikwi pakati pavo - makambani 70-2 akapatsanura vatengi pairi, asi musika wakagadziridzwa pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwekurima kwekurima, kusimudzira zvinhu uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza miriwo. zvigadzirwa. Nhasi, vazhinji vagadziri veRussia vari kubudirira kushanda pairi.
Iyi nzira iri kuvandudzwa nekambani yaNyamavhuvhu, uye kana zvaimbove zvakakosha kudzikamisa mutsara weherbicide, nhasi mishonga yezvipembenene yemhando yepamusoro uye fungicides yezvirimwa zvemiriwo inowanikwa muassortment, kusanganisira yakasarudzika inogona kugutsa zvese zvakakosha uye niche zvinodiwa. yevarimi vemiriwo. Kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekupihwa kwezvinhu zvemiriwo kubva kumakambani epamba kwave mumakore gumi apfuura.
"Muna 2022, mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka akavepo kune mafemu ekurima anorima miriwo - zvese nemaonero emamiriro ekunze, uye kubva pakuona kwekushaikwa kwezvipembenene nehutachiona. Zvisinei, "borscht set" yose icharamba ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, - Dmitry Belov anotaura. - Mbeu dzemiriwo dzichiri nzvimbo shoma mumunda wekurima zvirimwa, mutengo wavo uri kukura, uye kunyangwe pasina kutaurwa nezveyero yekutsinhana. Mamwe makambani ekuRussia ari kushingairira kusimudzira nzvimbo iyi, asi kuti uwane mhedzisiro inooneka, basa rakadaro rinofanirwa kukwizwa zvakapetwa kagumi. "
Nyanzvi inotaura kuti hapana mamiriro ekudzikisa mitengo yefetereza, kana yeNWR, kana yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa michina yekurima. Panguva imwecheteyo, kunyangwe huwandu hukuru hwegoho remumba, hazvizogone kudzivirira Kurume naKukadzi kuburitswa kwemiriwo kubva kunze kwenyika muna 2023, sezvo shanduko dzakakosha muRussia yekuchengetera zvivakwa zvinobvumidza kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakosha hwezvigadzirwa zve. nguva refu isati yaitika. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchinja kwakanyanya kwemari ye "borscht set" yakaonekwa mukati megore razvino, pasina simba majeure zviitiko, mutengi angangodaro asingaoni mugore idzva.
Kunobva: https://kvedomosti.ru/