2021 raive gore rinonetsa kune chikamu chemichero nemiriwo muEurope. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kukakavara kwehondo, kukwira kwemitengo uye Brexit zvakapesvedzera kukohwa pamwe nekutengesa kwavo kwakazotevera.
Nenzira iyi, Europe haina kusiiwa kunze kwematambudziko epasi rose uye musika wemichero nemiriwo wakatambura maererano nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kumisika yekunze sezvatichaona pazasi.
Mamiriro ekunze, denda uye kuwedzera kwemitengo yekufambisa nekugadzira, zvinhu zvikuru zvinogadzirisa
Zvinoenderana neEuropean Statistics Handbook 2022 chirevo chakaitwa neFruit Logistica, misika yemichero nemiriwo muEurope yakatarisana nematambudziko makuru matatu zvakare muna 2021: mamiriro ekunze, kuenderera mberi kweiyo coronavirus denda uye kukwira kwemitengo yekufambisa nekugadzira.
Mumwedzi yezhizha, vatengi vaive nesarudzo dzakawanda dzekudya kunze kana kutora zororo nekuda kwekusimudzwa kwezvirambidzo zvakabviswa maererano neCovid. Asi masaisai echina neechishanu edenda akatungamira kumiganho mitsva kuiswa nekumatsutso.
Kutengwa kwemichero nemiriwo kumba kwakakwidziridzwa nekuvharika kwakapfuura uye kwakawedzera zvakanyanya muna 2020, izvo hazvina kuwedzera zvakanyanya kupfuura muna 2021. Denda iri rakachinja kuyerera kwepasirese nenzira isina kumbobvira yaonekwa. Mitengo yekutakurwa kwemidziyo yakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Pamusoro pezvo, mafuta edzimotokari ave kudhura zvakanyanya mumwedzi gumi nemiviri yapfuura, izvo zvinoita kuti zvekufambisa zvidhure.
Dzimwe nguva, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira uye kurongedza zvave zvishoma, saka zvakwira mumutengo. Aya ndiwo mamiriro akange asati aonekwa mumakore apfuura. Kusiyana nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka ayo asiri chinhu chitsva pakugadzirwa kwemusika.
Mafungu ekupisa uye kuwedzera kwenguva refu yekusanaya kwemvura hazvina kuva nemigumisiro inokosha pakutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika mumichero nemiriwo
Zvisinei, kukura kwayo kunoshamisa: mafungu ekupisa uye nguva yekusanaya kwemvura iri kuramba ichirebesa; mvura inonaya kazhinji yakanyanyisa uye kamwe kamwe, zvichikonzera mafashamo. Kungave kushayikwa kwemvura kana kuwanda kwakanyanyisa, ese ari maviri mamiriro akanyorwa muna 2021. Izvo zvakati, mvura yese yemvura yaive nani kupfuura mumakore apfuura.
Kutakura kunodhura uye kushoma kwekutakura hakusati kwave nemigumisiro yakakura pakutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika kwemichero nemiriwo. Zvekutengeserana mukati nekunze kweEU muna 2021, mavhoriyamu ekunze uye ekunze aingodzikira zvishoma pane gore rapfuura. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chaizvoizvo, iwo akanga akakwirira zvishoma. Kutya kuti kutengesa kunze kwenyika kuUK kwaizodonha mushure mekunge Brexit yakundikana kuita.
IEU inosangana nekudonha kushoma kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuUK mushure meBrexit
Kunyangwe iyo EU-27 yakatumira zvidiki zvidiki kuUK pane zvisati zvaitika Brexit, kudonha kwaive kuri pakati nepakati, nemiriwo yakaderera 2% uye michero yakaderera 7%. Zvimwe zvinoyeukwa yaive mifananidzo yemasherufu emasupamaketi asina chinhu muUK, muchidimbu nekuda kwenguva refu yekumirira kutonga kwemuganhu. Dambudziko guru, kunyanguvezvo, rakanga riri rokutakurwa kwezvinhu munyika nemhaka yokushaikwa kwevatyairi vemarori.
Iri idambudziko rinogona kukanganisa dzimwe nyika mune ramangwana. Nyika dzeEU dzakamboendesa huwandu hwakakura kuUK dzakarasikirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu matsva. Mumiriwo, ivo Spain (-5%) uye Netherlands (-3%).
Kune michero, Spain, iyo inotungamira yekutengesa, yakatumira kune yakawedzera vhoriyamu kuUK, asi nhamba iyi yakafananidzwa nevhoriyamu yakaderera muna 2020. The Netherlands (-33%) kunyanya, asiwo France (-4%), yakarasika mavhoriyamu zvakanyanya.
Kunyangwe iyo EU-27 yakatumira zvidiki zvidiki kuUK pane zvisati zvaitika Brexit, kudonha kwaive kuri pakati nepakati, nemiriwo yakaderera 2% uye michero yakaderera 7%.
Kubva kweUnited Kingdom kubva kuEU kwakaunza shanduko yakajeka maererano nekutengeserana kwekunze. Mumakore apfuura, chiyero chekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika chakanga chiri muchidimbu kune zvose zviri zviviri michero nemiriwo. Kushaikwa uku kuchiripo pamuchero, asi chiyero chekutengeserana nemuriwo kunze kwenyika chave chakanaka zvishoma.
Chero zvazvingava, michero mitsva inotengeswa kunze kwenyika muEU yakakwira zvakanyanya pane inotengwa nemuriwo kunze kwenyika. Mabhanana nemimwe michero yekunze isinganyanye kurimwa muEU inofanirwa kutengwa kunze kwenyika muhukuru.
Zvibereko kunze kwenyika (zvemukati nekunze) zvakadonha zvishoma muna 2021. Germany, yekutanga kunze kwenyika muna 2020, yakaunza zvishoma, saka Netherlands yakatamira kunzvimbo yekutanga. Nekudaro, Netherlands zvakare ndiyo yechipiri pakukura mutengesi wemichero mushure meSpain, uye kwete ese mavhoriyamu anotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuNetherlands anogadzirwa munyika.
EU michero kunze kwenyika yakanga yakakwirira zvishoma kana ichienzaniswa ne2020. Kune miriwo, Germany yakachengetedza nzvimbo yayo seyo nhamba yekutanga kunze kwenyika, kunyange zvazvo ine vhoriyamu yakaderera kupfuura mugore rapfuura. Kazhinji, huwandu hwemuriwo hwakakwira zvishoma hwakaunzwa muEU.
Exports mukati meEU yakaderera zvishoma muna 2021
Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika, kune rumwe rutivi, kwaive muna 2021 zvishoma pasi pezinga regore rapfuura. Chikamu chekutengeserana kusiri kweEU chakakwirisa zvichienzaniswa nemichero. 41% yemabhanana, mapineapples, maavocado nemango, kunyanya, anotengwa kubva kunyika dziri kunze kweEU.
Mukupesana, kutengeserana mukati meEU kunotonga mumaorenji nemaapuro. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakaramba kuri mukati meEU. Nekudaro, Brexit yakashandura zvikamu zvishoma mukufarira kutengeserana nenyika dzechitatu. Muna 2021, ingangoita 18% yemichero inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakasiya EU. Panyaya yehuwandu, mabhanana, maapuro uye maranjisi anotonga kunze kwenyika. Pakutengwa kunze kwenyika kwemiriwo mitsva, mugove wekutengeserana wakaderera zvakanyanya pane wemuchero, uri pasi pe16%. Madomasi nehanyanisi ndiwo ane chikamu chikuru chekutengwa kunze kwenyika kubva kunze kweEU pakati pemuriwo unotengwa kunze kwenyika muhuwandu hwakakura.
Madomasi anobva kuMorocco nehanyanisi ari kuNew Zealand ari kunyanya kutengwa kunze kwenyika. 78% yemiti yakatengeswa kunze kwenyika yakaramba iri mukati meEU muna 2021. Gore rakapfuura, apo UK yakanga ichiri Nhengo yeNyika, 89% yemiti yaitengeswa kunze kwenyika yaiva intra-trade. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwainyanyowanda hanyanisi, kuchiteverwa nematomatisi nemhiripiri.
Pakazere, gore rapfuura michero nemiriwo goho muEU-27 yaive yakaderera 1% muna 2021 kupfuura muna 2020, sekureva kwekutanga data. Zvakanga zvave zvichifungidzirwa kuti kurasikirwa kwemichero kwaive kwakanyanya, asi pakupedzisira kukohwa kwaingova 1% kuderera pagore. Kukohwa kukuru kwemaapuro kunobvisa maitiro asina kunaka kune akati wandei mamwe marudzi emichero.
Kugadzirwa kwemapichisi, nectarines uye maapricots kwakakanganiswa nechando panguva yekutumbuka muSouthern Europe. Zvakare, kutonhora muna Ndira, Kurume naKubvumbi kwakaburitsa kurasikirwa kwakanyanya, zvichikonzera goho diki mumakore makumi matatu.
Kugadzirwa kwemaorenji uye michero yakasvunurwa zviri nyore pakutanga yakafungidzirwa kuve yakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura gore rapfuura nekuda kwemamiriro asina kunaka. Spain yakafanotaura goho diki nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, kunyangwe mamwe matunhu akakwanisa kudzivirira kukuvara.
Kutakura kunodhura uye kushoma kwekutakura hakusati kwave nemigumisiro yakakura pakutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika kwemichero nemiriwo.
Kurasikirwa kuri pakati nepakati muEurope uye kusagadzikana kweiyo 2022/2023 mushandirapamwe
Pakupedzisira, kurasikirwa muEurope yose kwakanga kusina kunyanya sezvaitarisirwa. Zvinoenderana nedata rekutanga, goho reorenji rakangodzikira ne1% pane gore rapfuura, ukuwo huwandu hwekupeuka nyore hwaive hwakaderera ne2%.
Mazana aya airatidza huwandu hwekugadzira rekodhi. Asi chando chakakonzera kurasikirwa kwedunhu, uye munenge nyika dzese kwaitonhora zvakanyanya kune ruva. Izvo zvakati, 11.5 miriyoni matani emaapuro akakohwewa kupfuura gore rapfuura. Chikamu chakanaka chekuwedzera chakaitika muPoland, chinova chikonzero chekusagadzikana kwemusika weEurope mumwaka wekutengesa wa2021/22.
Kusiyana nemaapuro, kukohwa kwepear kwaive kushoma muEurope yose. Italy yakarohwa nechando, uye izvi zvakakonzera kukohwa kudiki kwepear mumakumi matatu emakore.
Kukohwewa kwemuriwo kwaive kwakafanana. Chete ne 0.3% yakaderera pane muna 2020. Goho diki relettuce, cauliflower nezucchini zvakadzikiswa nechirimwa chikuru chehanyanisi. Nyika dzakawanda muEurope dzakakanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze akaipisisa.
Zvikurukuru zvinocherechedzwa akanga ari mafashamo aJuly mumativi eGermany neBenelux. Nzvimbo dzeSpain neItaly dzakatamburawo kudzimika uye kukuvara kwakakonzerwa nekunaya kwemvura zhinji uye mafashama edunhu. Pakutanga, mwaka wemiriwo muCentral Europe wakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma, nekuda kwekuderera kwekushisa kwechirimo.
Mushure mezvo, pakanga pasina kupenya kwezuva kwakawanda semuna 2020, izvo zvaiita kunge zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kwegoho, kunyanya kumadomasi, kunyangwe muzvirimwa zvakachengetedzwa. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akawedzera kuipa nekubuda kwezvirwere zvitsva zvezvirimwa. Magaka nemhiripiri zvaiita kunge zvakakwanisa kurarama zviri nani nemamiriro ezvinhu, nemavhoriyamu akakwira akakohwewa.
Nekudaro, mamwe madomasi akagadzirwa akange achinja kune mamwe miriwo. Kune rimwe divi, kuwedzera kwemitengo yemagetsi idambudziko, kunyanya kurima greenhouse munyika dzeBenelux.
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