#Kazakhstan #Agriculture #IrrigationSystems #WaterScarcity #SustainableFarming #ClimateChange #RECCA #Innovation #FoodSecurity #EnvironmentalConservation
Munzvimbo dzakaoma dzeKazakhstan, uko kushomeka kwemvura kunotyisidzira nzvimbo huru yokurima, chiedza chetariro chinobuda. Sangano repasi rose rinopa rubatsiro kurwisa kushomeka kwemvura; 40% yemvura yakarasika mumadiridziro. Ziva mapurojekiti anoshandura mutambo ari kugadzirisa ramangwana rekurima reKazakhstan.
Mumakore achangopfuura, varimi veKazakh vakaridza mhere. Matunhu mazhinji munyika ari kuoma nekuda kwekusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu. Nzizi dziri kupera, uye mvura yezvinodikanwa zvinokosha iri kuramba ichishomeka. Ministry of Ecology yazivisa mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara. Kuti vachengetedze goho rekurima, varimi vanoda madiridziro akanaka. Zvisineyi, migero nemigero zvechinyakare zvinoda kuvandudzwa. Pane kushomeka kwezvose zviri zviviri midziyo uye nyanzvi. Nyanzvi dzinosimbisa kuti kutanga kwechirimo kunoona kuwanda kwemvura nekuda kwekunyungudika kwechando uye kunyungudika kwechando, asi inenge hafu yayo inorasika nekubuda uye kusefa. Tekinoroji nyowani dzakakosha kuchengetedza uye kugovera zvine mutsindo iyi yakakosha sosi.
Innovative Solutions Inopihwa neRECCA
Sangano reRegional Environmental Center yeCentral Asia (RECCA), sangano repasi rose risingabatsiri rakavambwa muna 2021 nehurumende dzenyika shanu dzeCentral Asia, European Union, neUNDP, rakapindira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Gore rino, vanotanga mapurojekiti maviri akakosha ekugadzirisa zviwanikwa zvemvura muKazakhstan. Yekutanga, "Integrated Watershed Management muIshim River Basin," ichaitwa munzvimbo dzeAkmolinskaya neNorth Kazakhstan, ichibatsira mapurazi anenge 7500 mumisha yakadai seKarabulak, Azat, Arnasai, Shortandy, uye guta reStepnogorsk. Mutengo wepurojekiti: $123,000. Chirongwa chechipiri, "Kusimudzira Kuzvitonga Kwehupfumi uye Kugoneswa kwevakadzi munzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzeCentral Asia kuburikidza neKuwana Mvura yekudiridza uye Infrastructure," ichabata nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kweKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, neTajikistan, nebhajeti remadhora mazana mana nemakumi mashanu ezviuru. Aya mapurojekiti, anopihwa mari kuburikidza nerutsigiro, anoshanda sekuratidzira kwemhinduro dzinoshanda. Chinangwa chavo ndechekuratidza kuti matambudziko ekudiridza anogona kugadziriswa sei, achigadzira nzira yekuti masangano ehurumende adzokorore uye awedzere maitiro akafanana pamwero wakafara. Mapurojekiti aya anozopedzwa muna Chivabvu 450,000.
Dambudziko reNyika Dzemvura muKazakhstan
Mazhinji eCentral Asia akatarisana nekushomeka kwemvura, zvichiita kuti kurima kushande chete kuburikidza nekudiridza, sekureva kweRECCA nyanzvi. MuKazakhstan, 7.6% chete yeminda yakarimwa inodiridzwa, inokwana 2.2 miriyoni mahekita. Kuenzanisa, Uzbekistan inodiridza 96%, Turkmenistan 90%, Kyrgyzstan 75%, uye Tajikistan 73% yeminda yavo inorimwa. Vanamazvikokota vanofanotaura kusanaya kwemvura kuri kuwedzera nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, zvichiwedzera kuderedza zviwanikwa zvemvura. Muchiitiko ichi, kurima kwekudiridza kunoita kuti pave nezvokudya, mabasa, uye kuderedza urombo.
Kuti ienderane nekuchinja kuri kuita mamiriro ekunze, Kazakhstan inofanirwa kuisa mari mumadiridziro matsva uye matekinoroji anochengetedza mvura. Parizvino, 62% yemvura yeKazakhstan inotorwa kubva kumabheseni anodarika miganhu inoshandiswa kudiridza. Nyika inotarisana nematambudziko akawanda:
- Avhareji yezera repakati-mapurazi uye pa-papurazi zvivakwa zvekudiridza imakore makumi mashanu, uye mainline zvivako zvakatokura.
- 40% yemvura inorasika mumigero yekudiridza uye masisitimu ekusefa nekuda kwekuyerera nemumigero yakadzika nepamateru.
- Chikamu che50% cheminda yekudiridza inobatwa nesalinization.
Matanho akaitwa neRECCA anozivisa nguva itsva yekurima kweKazakh. Nekutarisa nzira dzemadiridziro dzinogara dziripo, zvirongwa izvi zvinopa gwara remangwana renyika. Kugadziridza zvivakwa zvekudiridzira, kuita ongororo yemhando yemvura nevhu, uye kupatsanura zvivakwa zvekurima matanho akakosha ekuona kuti kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura yakakosha, nekuvandudza mararamiro evarimi.
Sezvatinotarisira mberi, zvakakosha kuti vane chekuita navo – varimi, maagronomists, mainjiniya ezvekurima, varidzi vemapurazi, nemasainzi – vatsigire nekudzidza kubva kumabasa aya. Kuburikidza nekuedza kwakabatana uye nekugadzirisa zvigadziriso, Kazakhstan inogona kukunda dambudziko rayo remvura, kushandura mamiriro ayo ekurima uye kuve nechokwadi remangwana rakabudirira kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.