#PlantVarieties #EuropeanPatents #Biodiversity #FoodSecurity #PlantBreeding #TraditionalBreeders #EuropeanPatentOffice #PatentLaw #Innovation #AgriculturalSustainability #NoPatentsOnSeeds
Ongororo yazvino yakaitwa neNo Patents paMbeu! inoratidza kuti anopfuura chiuru embeu dzembesa dzakauchikwa dzakawira pasi pesimba reEuropean patents, zvisinei nemutemo weEuropean patent uchirambidza zviri pachena patents pamhando dzezvirimwa. Ichi chiitiko chinokatyamadza hachina kucherechedzwa neruzhinji, zvichiunza dambudziko rakakura kune yeEurope yekuberekesa zvirimwa uye kuisa mungozi rusununguko rwekushanda kwevanouchika tsika. Mhedzisiro yemaitiro aya inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu. Hapana Patents paMbeu! inoda danho rezvematongerwo enyika nekukasika kugadzirisa nyaya iyi uye kudzivirira makambani makuru kubva kuhomwe yezvirimwa zviwanikwa.
Sekureva kweNo Patents paMbeu!, huwandu hwemhando dzezvirimwa dzichangoburwa dzinopinda mumusika uye dzichivharwa nematendi dziri kuwedzera. Mazhinji emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakauchikwa dzinotozviisa pasi pezvichemo mune akawanda patents, zvichiratidza kukura kuri kuita patenting plant genetic resources. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anosimudza kushushikana pamusoro pekuwanikwa uye kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvekuuchika kwevarimi vechinyakare, izvo zvinogona kudzikisira kugona kwavo kugadzira uye kuenderana nekuchinja kwezvinodiwa zvekurima.
European Patent Office (EPO), yakavambwa makore makumi mashanu apfuura, yakatarisana nekushoropodzwa nekuda kwesarudzo dzayo dzinopokana nehwaro hwepamutemo hwakagadzwa neEuropean Patent Convention (EPC), iyo inorambidza pachena mapendi emhando dzakaberekeswa zvakajairwa. Nepo murairo weEU (98/44) uchibvumira marezenisi pazvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi zvakaita sezvirimwa zvinoshanduka, dudziro yeEPO yemutemo wepatent yakatungamira kune mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe yemhando dzemhando dzakazvarwa. Hapana Patents paMbeu! inokurudzira EPO kuti igadzirise nyaya iyi uye kuenzanisa zviito zvayo nemitemo yeEuropean patent kuchengetedza rusununguko rwevarimi vezvirimwa kuti vashande.
Migumisiro yeiyi kombamiro inotyisa inosvika kure. Varimi vezvinomera vechivanhu, vanga vari vatarisiri vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvinomera kwezvizvarwa, zvino vatarisana nemugumo unobvira wokusununguka kwavo kushanda. Kana patents ikaramba ichipihwa pamhando dzezvirimwa zvakaberekeswa zvakajairwa, zvinogona kutadzisa kuvandudzwa uye kukanganisa kusimukira kwemhando itsva dzakachinjirwa kumamiriro ekukura akasiyana uye nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Izvi, zvakare, zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakomba mukuchengetedzeka kwechikafu mune ramangwana uye kuenderera mberi kwekurima.
Hapana Patents paMbeu! inosimbisa kukosha kweAdministrative Council yeEPO, inoumbwa nevamiriri vanobva ku39 kondirakiti nyika, kutora matanho akasimba mukugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Tsanangudzo yakarurama yemutemo, sezvakatsanangurwa muEuropean Patent Convention, inofanira kushandiswa kudzivirira kuvharidzirwa kweutsva mukudyara kwezvirimwa zvechinyakare uye kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu mune ramangwana. Sangano iri rinotaura nezve kutorwa kwemutemo wenyika wepatent muAustria, uchirambidza zviri pachena patendi pakuberekesa kwakajairika, sedanho rakanaka rinogona kushanda semuenzaniso wekuti dzimwe nyika dzitevedzere.
Pamusoro pezvo, Hapana Patents paMbeu! inodaidzira kuti EU ishande nesimba kugadzirisa nyaya iyi. Sarudzo yeparamende yeDutch yekuisa nhaurirano yemvumo yembeu paKanzuru yeEU Makurukota ezvekurima inosimbisa kukosha kwekuita pamwe chete padanho reEU kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvezvirimwa uye kuchengetedza kutendeseka kweEuropean chirimwa system.