Chiitiko chimwe chekuchengetedza chikafu chinogona kuzunguza kuvimba kwevatengi mune chikafu, uye zvinogona kutora makore kuvakazve chivimbo chakarasika. Maererano neongororo yakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura, 53 muzana yevatengi vekuAmerica vane hanya nezvekuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa chavanotenga. Inyaya yeindasitiri inoda mhinduro yeindasitiri, akadaro Brian Kocher, mutungamiri weChiquita, kambani yevabereki yeFresh Express.
Fresh Express/Chiquita uye Dole Food Co. vakatsigira Global Food Safety Conference yakatevera United Fresh Marketplace uye FreshTech muna Kubvumbi. Chirongwa ichi chakaunza pamwechete zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemaindasitiri matsva uye achangobva kuchekwa kuti vataure nezve kugadzira mwero wepasi rose wekuongororwa kwekuchengetedza chikafu.
Chiquita ari pasi pekuongororwa kweanopfuura zana pagore, inova inoshamisa dhizaini pakuchengetedza chikafu, akadaro Kocher. Yakawanda, yakafanana yechipiri- uye yechitatu-bato maodhisheni inoda zuva rimwe kusvika matatu imwe neimwe mumahofisi uye inogona kupedza nguva yakawanda muchirimwa. Ndiyo nguva yekutarisira haigone kushandisa pachinangwa chaicho - kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu.
Ndiko kwakava kurudziro kuseri kweGlobal Food Safety Initiative -- kugadzira yekutanga seti yemazinga ayo aizozivikanwa nevatengi zvisinei kuti ndiani anoitisa ongororo. GFSI inongova nemakore maviri ekuberekwa, asi hutori huri muchirongwa hwakakura nekukurumidza uye ikozvino hunosanganisira chikamu chese chekudya. Chinangwa ndechekusimbisa kufanana uye chitupa chinozivikanwa chakasiyana chekuchengetedza chikafu. Musangano uyu wakaitwa muna Kubvumbi ndiwo wakave musangano wekutanga wevemaindasitiri vachitaura nezvenyaya yeongororo, asi makomiti ehunyanzvi anoumbwa nevamiriri veindasitiri yezvigadzirwa nenyanzvi dzekuongorora akatombosangana kuti bhora rifambe.
"Iri ndiro danho rekutanga mukuita, kusiyana nedanho rekupedzisira rechiitiko," akadaro Kocher.
Codex
Kupindirana kwezvipimo kuri kutariswa pamwero wepasi rose nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekutengeserana pakati penyika. Zvibvumirano zveWorld Trade Organisation zvine hutsanana uye phytosanitary zvinodiwa, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvekutengesa zvehunyanzvi, uye nhengo dzeWTO dzinogona kukudziridza dziviriro yadzo chero bedzi matanho asiri ekutengesa zvakanyanya, akadaro Michelle Smith, muongorori mukuru wezvekudya weFDA's. Center for Food Safety and Nutrition. WTO inoona Codex Standards seine kubvumirana kwenyika dzakawanda, uye yakashandiswa kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwekutengeserana, kunyange zvazvo isina kutaurwa muzvibvumirano zvekutengeserana.
Mitemo yeCodex inoshanda kumaindasitiri achangobva kuchekwa uye achangoburwa anogadzirwa nekomiti yeCodex inoona nezveutsanana hwezvokudya uye dare remichero nemiriwo zvinyoro. Ivo vanopa chinongedzo chekuchengetedza hutano hwevatengi uye kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chikafu. MaCodex Standards akakosha kuFDA nekuti anoratidza mwero wepamusoro wekuchengetedza chikafu, Smith akadaro.
Codex haingoyeki seti yemirairidzo, asi inoshanda sehwaro hwezvirongwa zvemitemo. Mabhodhi maviri ezviyero zvakavakirwa paCodex ndiwo British Retail Consortium (BRC) Global Standards uye Safe Quality Food Institute (SQFI) SQF-2000, chikamu cheFood Marketing Institute.
Standards Boards
Iyo BRC ine zviuru gumi nezviviri zvemasaiti pasi rese, uye chirongwa ichi chinozivikanwa neGlobal Food Safety Initiative. Icho chokwadi chechitatu-bato rekuongorora chirongwa nekuti masangano ekuongorora anoyera achipesana neyakasiyana chiyero inochengetwa neBRC. Iyo zviyero bhodhi inovhara maitiro akanakisa ekuchengetedza chikafu uye mhando - uye yezviyero zvayo zvina, imwe yakanangana neindasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvitsva. Nekudaro, zviyero zvine imwe crossover kuitira kuti cheni yese yekugovera inogona kupihwa chitupa chekutendeseka, akadaro John Kukoly, mukuru wehunyanzvi hwekushambadzira chipangamazano weBRC.
Kune zvikamu zvinomwe zveBRC zvitsva zvekugadzira zviyero, zvakafukidzwa ne326 munhu mumwe chete zvinodiwa.
1. Vatungamiriri vepamusoro vanofanira kuratidza kuzvipira kuramba vachivandudza mukuchengetedza kwekudya uye kunaka.
2. Kambani inofanirwa kunge iine chirongwa chekuchengetedza chikafu uye chirongwa cheHACCP.
3. Panofanira kuva nekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye hurongwa hwekutarisira hutano huripo.
4. Kambani inofanirwa kuratidza zviyero zvakachengeteka munzvimbo dzakaita sekuchengetedzwa kwezvirimwa uye zvekufambisa.
5. Kudzora kwezvibereko kubva pakugadzira nekusimudzira kunofanira kufunga nezvekuchengetedza kwekudya uye kunaka.
6. Kudzora kwemaitiro muchirimwa kunoongororwa HACCP uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu.
7. Zvirongwa zvekudzidziswa kwevashandi uye zvedzidzo zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo uye zvinobudirira.
Zvisiri-zvinoenderana nechiyero zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa zvisati zvapihwa chitupa, saka kana kambani yakasimbiswa zvinoreva kuti yaita zvese zvinodiwa neBRC, Kukoly akadaro. Ongororo idzi dzinoitwa nemasangano anoona nezvekuongorora mabhuku mwedzi gumi nemiviri yega yega, kana kambani yakawana zvibodzwa zveA kana B. giredhi reC rinobuda mukuongororwa mushure memwedzi mitanhatu, uye D isingabvumirwe. Ongororo yega yega inovhara chiyero chese - hapana sarudzo yekuongororwa zvishoma kana yekutarisa, Kukoly akadaro.
Iyo BRC haiite maodhisheni ayo, inongochengeta zviyero. Asi masangano ekuongorora anoitisa BRC maodhisheni anoitisa chirongwa chekudzidziswa, icho Kukoly akati chakakosha kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwechiyero.
Chechipiri chiyero chinoshandisa Codex iSQF-2000, inochengetwa neSafe Quality Food Institute. Iyo chiyero ndeye njodzi-yakavakirwa, kwete kunyoreswa, akadaro Gary Smith, technical director weSQFI.
"Kana iwe ukawana nzira iri nani yekuita kuchengetedza chikafu uye uchikwanisa kuitsigira, saka zvakanaka," akadaro.
SQF-2000 ine mazinga matatu ezvitupa zviyero, imwe neimwe yakasimbiswa yega. Chekutanga kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu munzvimbo, kusanganisira chirimwa, nzvimbo yayo uye midziyo. Chikamu chechipiri chirongwa chekuchengetedza chikafu chekambani uye chirongwa cheHACCP. Chikamu chechitatu chirongwa chemhando yechikafu, chakanyanya HACCP yemhando, uko vakuru veHACCP vanoiswa kumatanho emhando. Ongororo yekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu inogona kusanzwika senzvimbo yekusanganisa nyaya dzemhando, asi kuchengetedza chikafu kunopihwa. Mazhinji ma processor ane hanya nezve kunaka kwechigadzirwa chavo uye vanoda kutsvaga nzira dzekuchivandudza, uye maodhita ndeayo processor, saka vanogona kuishandisa sezvinodiwa, Smith akadaro. Uyezve, iyo SQF-2000 mhando HACCP ivavariro, kwete kuzviisa pasi, akadaro.
Kuongororwa kweSQF kune zvikamu zviviri - ongororo yegwaro inoteverwa nekuongorora nzvimbo. Mabhodhi ekuongorora eSQF anodzidziswa kusvika pachiyero, uye SQF inokamura indasitiri yechikafu muzvikamu makumi matatu neshanu uye inonyoresa vaongorori zvichienderana neruzivo rwavo rwebasa uye hunyanzvi muzvikamu zvechikafu, akadaro.
Certification Boards
Chinhu chekupedzisira kune chepasi rose chekuchengetedza chikafu chiyero ikambani yekuongorora, inonziwo certification board. Makambani aya ane vaongorori vakadzidziswa kuita ongororo vachipesana nezviyero zvinopihwa nerimwe remabhodhi epasi rose. Kambani inogona kunge iine vaongorori vakadzidziswa maitiro akawanda, saka mutengesi kana chikafu chekudya chinogona kusarudza kuti inoda kuti vatengesi vagopihwa BRC-certification, semuenzaniso, asi vachiri kushandisa bhodhi rimwe chete retifiketi.
Chiyero chepasi rose chekuongorora chinogona kuderedza huwandu hwekuongororwa kwekambani, asi pachine mikana yemabhodhi akasiyana certification. Kambani imwe neimwe ine zvirongwa zvayo, izvo zvinogona kugadzirirwa vatengi. Nepo 90 muzana kusvika 95 muzana yeongororo ingangove yakafanana, pachine nzvimbo yekuwedzera zvikamu zvakanangana nemutengesi kana mumwe mutengi.
Imwe yemibvunzo iri kushanda nekomiti yehunyanzvi ndeyezvinoitika panguva yechiitiko chekuchengetedza chikafu. Kubva pane zviyero zvebhodhi maonero - zvishoma. Boka iro, chero kambani inotadza inopihwa zvitupa, ine chekuita chete nekuchengetedza zviyero. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, bhodhi rezviyero rinogona kukumbira kuongororwa kwekuongororwa kwebhodhi retifiketi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yakaitwa nemazvo.
Bhodhi rezvitupa raisazoonekwa seane mhosva muchiitiko chekuchengetedza chikafu, kunze kwekunge pave neruzevha rwakanyanya, uye sarudzo yaizofanira kuitwa yekupa ruzivo rwekuongorora kuFDA. Kana subpoena ikapihwa, ipapo ruzivo runofanira kuendeswa kune iyo agency, asi hapana chinodiwa chekuzvidira kushandura zvakawanikwa. Semuenzaniso, muongorori anofanirwa kushandura zvakawanikwa kana zvakasara zvemishonga yezvipembenene zvikawanikwa, asi hapana chinodikanwa chakadaro kune microbiologicals, akadaro Wil Sumner, director wezvekudya uye zvekurima zvekuyedza masevhisi eSainzi Certification Services. Asi muongorori anofanira kuzivisa FDA kana hutachiona hunowanikwa muchirimwa?
"Nyaya dzehunyanzvi dzinoti hatidaro, asi tsika dzehunyanzvi dzinoti tinoita," Sumner akadaro.
Akataurawo kuti ari kushushikana nemhedzisiro yekupa maodhita kuFDA. Kana iyo agency inazvo, ivo vanove chikamu cheruzhinji rekodhi. Pane mukana wekuti vezvenhau vanogona kuzviwana vozvipa kune veruzhinji nenzira isiri iyo - sekubvunza kuti sei kambani yapasa neaudit ishoma, akadaro.
“Vanogona kuedza kutaura kuti 85 muzana haina kunaka; inofanira kuva 95 muzana,” Sumner akadaro.
Indasitiri iyi iri kuita nhanho yekudzikisa huwandu hweongororo iyo processor inogona kutora chikamu mairi kuburikidza neGlobal Food Safety Initiative. FDA inotsigira mwero wepasirese zvakare, uye iri muindasitiri yakanakisa kufarira kushanda kune yakajairika, chiyero chinochinjika. Haisi kuzongoderedza huwandu hwekuraswa nguva muchirimwa, zvakare ichawedzera kuvimba kwevatengi mukupihwa kwechikafu uye kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chikafu.