Pane yekudzidza curve yekukura hydroponic miriwo, asi kudzidzisa vatengi vako kwakakosha.
"Kukoka mashefu edu nevamwe vatengi kuti vashanyire imba yedu yegreenhouse kwabatsira," akadaro Lois Smucker weSmucker Farms muOrrville, Ohio. Lois nemurume wake, Glen, vane 30-foot by 124-foot greenhouse uye vanorima hydroponic, inotonhorera-mwaka miriwo gore rose.
"Vabiki dzimwe nguva vanofunga kuti uri imba huru yekuchengetera zvinhu uye vanogona kuchinja odha yavo nekukurumidza," Lois akadaro. “Tinovaudza kuti, 'Kana ukachinja menyu, unofanira kutipa chiziviso chemavhiki masere kana kuti tingasava nechigadzirwa chakakukwanira' uye vanga vakanaka nazvo. Zvinobatsira kuti vaone mashandiro edu.”
MaSmuckers anotengesa kuNorth Union Farmers Market muCleveland uye kumaresitorendi uye zvitoro zvakawanda zvekudya. VaSmuckers nguva pfupi yadarika vakagovana zvavakasangana nazvo paHydroponic Greenhouse Workshop paOhio State University's Ohio Agricultural and Research Development Center paWooster, Ohio.
Kusiyana kwechigadzirwa kwakakosha.
"Takawana vatengi vachatenga chete misoro yakawanda ye lettuce," Lois akadaro. VaSmuckers vakatanga kurima basil uye arugula, uye vakawana kuti vaigona kutengesa zvakapetwa kaviri chigadzirwa. “Tinokwanisa kukohwa makirogiramu makumi mana earugula pasvondo uye tinogona kuitengesa kumisika yevarimi nekumashefu,” akadaro Lois. MaSmuckers anorimawo Romaine lettuce, Bibb lettuce uye mashizha lettuce. "Takachinja nekufamba kwemakore, zvichienderana nekuti vatengi nevabiki vanoda chii," Lois akadaro.
Misoro ye lettuce inotumirwa ine midzi - kunyangwe kumaresitorendi. Kugadzirira kusati kwatumirwa ndekwekubvisa chero mashizha akafa kana asina ruvara, kuchenesa midzi uye kuongorora misoro yezvipembenene.
"Vabiki vanofarira midzi nekuti lettuce inogara kwenguva refu," Lois akadaro. "Vaifanira kudzidziswa kuti unokwanisa kuidzosera kana ikatanga kupera zvishoma."
Marekodhi ekugadzira akakosha kuzadzisa zvinodiwa. Basil inogona kuenda mwedzi mitatu isati yadiwa kudyara zvakare. Arugula inogona kuenda mavhiki matanhatu. Kunogara chirimwa chitsva chiri kuuya, asi unofanira kuziva kana chirimwa chinogona kukohwewa munguva pfupi iri kutevera pane zvakatarisirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa. "Takashanda mamwe maresitorendi kwemakore gumi uye ndinogona kubatsira kudzidzisa shefu mutsva kuti vachada marii," Lois akadaro.
The Smuckers vakavaka greenhouse yavo yekutanga muna 1997 apo vaisiyanisa purazi ravo kure nekurima mhuka. Shedhi yekurongedzera yakawedzerwa nekukurumidza. Purazi iri rava nemakore anodarika 100 mumhuri iyi uye vechizvarwa chechishanu – vazukuru vaLois’ naGlen – vari kubatsira papurazi iri. “Takavadzidzisa kuti maaphid akaita sei,” akadaro Lois. "Vanogona kukambaira pasi pematafura zviri nyore kupfuura isu."
Propane ndiyo yakatanga kupisa, asi tangi yaifanira kuzadzwa katanhatu pagore. Nenguva isipi purazi rakachinja kuita moto wechibage nepropane seback-up. VaSmuckers vanorima chibage chavo uye zvino vanongotenga tangi rimwe repropane pagore.
Kupisa kwegreenhouse kunodzorwa nekombuta. Mwenje unogadzirirwa maawa gumi nemana echiedza chezuva gore rose. Solar panels yakaiswa muna 14 kutarisira mari yemagetsi, iyo yaimhanya nyore $2016 pamwedzi mumwedzi yechando. Solar yakaunza mari yekushandisa pasi kusvika pamadhora zana pamwedzi.
Yekutanga sisitimu inodhura $88,000, asi hombe simba rechikwereti uye kupihwa kweUSDA kwakaunza mutengo wakaderera zvakanyanya. Kiyi yekuwana iyo USDA kupihwa yaive solar energy system haina kubatana nedzimba dziri papurazi uye ese magetsi anogadzirwa ndeyekushandiswa kwekurima. Mutengesi wemidziyo anotarisisa sisitimu iri kure uye anopindura kugadziriso zvinodiwa pasina kudaidzwa.
Iko kuvhiya kunoshandisa madhiri kune ayo hydroponic miriwo uye iyo inobatsira kubata humidity. “Hatina chinhu pasi nekuti hatina matomatisi,” akadaro Lois. “Tinowana mhepo inoyerera nepamusoro nepasi pechirimwa uye hatina hunyoro hwakawanda pasi.” Madhiraini anomhanya kureba kwegreenhouse pakati pepasi.
Mbeu dzinotangwa mu rockwool. "Tinogona kuwana 99 muzana yekumera," akadaro Lois. “Tinodyara mbeu nemaoko, zvinotinetesa, asi vazukuru vakadzidza kubatsira nazvo. Mbesa dzinodiridzwa nemaoko pamatanho ekutanga ekutanga, ipapo kudiridza kuri kuita trickle.
Pane propane-yakapfurwa, CO2 jenareta ye CO2 yekusimudzira.
MaSmuckers vakadzidza nekufamba kwenguva mabatiro emvura yavo iyo ine yakakwira buffering kubva ku calcium carbonate iri mairi. “Taive nembeu dzanga dzave nemazuva maviri dzisati dzakura,” akadaro Glen. "EC (electrical conductivity) yakaramba ichiyedza zvakanaka, asi nekuda kwemvura yakaoma zvirimwa zvanga zvisiri kuwana nitrogen yakakwana."
Kuedza kwekutanga kwekugadzirisa kwaiva kuwedzera sulfuric acid nekuda kwekureruka kwekushandisa uye kuchengeteka. Sulfur toxicity yakabva yatanga kuoneka uye zvakadzidzwa kuti mvura yakaoma yaive nesarufa yakawanda. Kuedza kwakatevera kwaiva kushandisa nitric acid kuti pH iende ku6.5, asi zvakawanda zvaifanira kushandiswa kukuvara kwemidzi kwakaitika. Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yaive yekushandisa nitrogen fetireza kugadzirisa mvura pH.
“Mamiriro ako emvura achange akasiyana zvachose neyedu saka unenge uchitodzidzira mvura yako wega,” Glen akadaro. MaSmuckers anoda kuchengetedza pH iri pakati pe6.5 ne7.0 kuti ave nechokwadi chekuwanikwa kwekudya kwakakwana. Iyo 18-inch culvert inoshandiswa kune soak tank nemaawa maviri nguva yakanaka yekunyura kunyangwe husiku huri nani.
Iyo magetsi conductivity (EC) inogara panenge pa1.3 uye haina kusiana kuburikidza nekukura kutenderera. "Zvirimwa zvakasiyana seEC dzakasiyana," Glen akadaro. Mapinduriro echirimwa kuEC anoratidza kuti chirimwa chinoiswa papi mugreenhouse.
Uriri hwekongiri hwakawedzerwa kugreenhouse ichangopera kuvakwa kuti ibatsire kubata zvirwere uye kudzivirira masvosve angaunza hove.
IPM yakavewo nekamwe kekudzidza mugreenhouse. Kushandisa makadhi anonamira uye magirazi ekukudza, kunzwisisa zvipembenene uye zvirwere zvehupenyu kutenderera uye zviratidzo, uye kunongedza kudzora matanho ese chikamu chemaitiro. Mabenefits ave akakodzera kuzivikanwa, zvakare, kunyanya kune hove.
"Takatanga kuedza ladybugs," Glen akadaro. Dambudziko nderekuti iwe unofanirwa kuenzanisa iyo chaiyo ladybug kune chaiyo aphid. "Inoshanda," akadaro, "asi haina kunyatsoshanda." Mhuka iyi yaiungana panzvimbo dzaipisa pauriri uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinodziya apo kunze kwaitonhora.
Kune mavuvu eparasitic anodya maaphids. “Maaphid akakura uye taifanira kushandisa rudzi rwakasiyana rwemava mahombe,” akadaro Glen. "Iwe unofanirwa kunyatso taura nezve zvipukanana zvaunoda kudzora uye kuenzanisa kutonga kune tupukanana."
MaSmuckers anoshandisawo sipo inouraya zvipembenene. Vanopfapfaidza pyrethroid aerosols kudonhedza huwandu hwezvipembenene pasi mumamiriro akanyanya.
"Pane zvakawanda zvekudzidza," Lois akadaro. “Takaenda kumakirasi uye zvakabatsira. Pane zvekushandisa kunze uko kukubatsira. "
– Dean Peterson, VGN Mutori wenhau
Pamusoro: Lois Smucker, kuruboshwe nemurume wake, Glen, vanorima miriwo yehydroponic gore rose kuSmucker Farms. Vakawedzera mutsara wavo wechigadzirwa kuti ubatanidze basil, arugula, Romaine lettuce, Bibb lettuce uye mashizha lettuce. Mufananidzo: Dean Peterson