Darjeeling: Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kuderera kwemisika yepasi rose, kukwikwidza kubva kumhando dzetii kubva kuNepal, uye kusawirirana pakati pemitengo yekugadzira nemutengo wayo kwaisa indasitiri yetii muDarjeeling panjodzi. IndiaSpend mushumo wepasi kubva kumapindu etii wawanikwa.
Inozivikanwa munyika yose se 'shambeini' yeIndia tii, Darjeeling tii inomira yayo ichipokana netii kubva kuNilgiri zvikomo kuSouth India uye kubva kuAssam. Kunhuhwirira kwayo kwakasiyana, kunotendwa kuve kwakakonzerwa nekuyera kwezuva, kunaya kwemvura, mhute uye acidity yevhu muHimalayas, uye yakadzurwa nemaoko, yakahwina tii yeDarjeeling "kutsigirwa uye kucherechedzwa kwevatengi vanonzwisisa pasi rese kweanopfuura zana ramakore". inodaro Tea Board yeIndia pane yayo Website. "Darjeeling Tea inokodzera zita rayo haigone kurima kana kugadzirwa chero kupi zvako pasirese."
Darjeeling tii ine ruvara rwesimbi inopenya yaive iyo chigadzirwa chekutanga chenyika kupihwa iyo Geographical Indication (GI) trademark muna 2004.
Zvisinei nekurumbidzwa uku, kugadzirwa kwetii, uye kudiwa kwayo mumisika yemumba neyekunze, kwave kuderera, nyanzvi dzinodaro.
Iyi ndiyo nyaya yekutanga munhevedzano paDarjeeling tii indasitiri. Chikamu chekutanga chinotsanangura kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kufunga nezvehupfumi kuri kukanganisa sei indasitiri, nepo chechipiri ichitarisa mamiriro uye kodzero dzevashandi muminda yetii.
Kuti Darjeeling tii yakava sei zita remhuri
Mashizha kubva pachirimwa chinonzi Camillia sinensis gadzira izvo zvinozivikanwa se Darjeeling chai. Chimiro chakatanga kuunzwa kuDarjeeling naArthur Campbell weEast India Company 1841. Pakazosvika 1874 pakanga paine 113 magadheni etii mhiri kwezvikomo zveDarjeeling, Dooars neTerai nharaunda-mujinga meHimalayas-yakapararira neanhasi Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Jalpaiguri neAlipurduar matunhu muWest Bengal. Huwandu hwakakwira kusvika pa156 muna 1914 nekurima zvirimwa zvinodarika makirogiramu 8.16 miriyoni, akanyora munyori Basant B Lama mubhuku rake ra2008. bhuku, 'Nyaya yeDarjeeling', inotora nhamba yehurumende yeBengal kubva ku1915. Nhasi, pamusoro pe 10 miriyoni makirogiramu yetii inorimwa gore rega rega, inofungidzira Tea Board yeIndia.
Chiitiko chiri kukura chekutengesa tii chakaunza shanduko yehuwandu muDarjeeling sevashandi vazhinji vevanofungidzirwa 40,000 mu 1914, kumapindu etii muzvikomo uye dunhu reDooars Terai vaive vatami vaibva kune yakavakidzana neNepal uye kubva kuChhota Nagpur plateau.
Indasitiri yakapoteredza Darjeeling yakava imwe huru mabviro ezvekurarama munharaunda.
"Kunze kwekushandisa zvakanangana nenhamba huru yevashandi vekurima, indasitiri yetii inopawo mabasa asina kunanga kune vamwe vanhu vakawanda munzvimbo dzekutakura, matura, mahotera, zvikoro, zvipatara, mafemu ekutengesa uye mayuniti anogadzira zvekurima," akanyora Pratima Chamling Rai, purofesa paRaiganj University muWest Bengal, mune International Journal yeApplied Sayenzi uye Injiniya muna June 2019.
Dambudziko rekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze
Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yarova mhando uye kugadzirwa kweDarjeeling tii. Maererano ne2013 kudzidza nevatsvakurudzi ve Darjeeling Tea Research uye Development Center, kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakaderedza kugadzirwa ne "41.97% uye 30.90% kana ichienzaniswa ne1993 uye 2002 maererano".
Chidzidzo ichi chakataura kuti kugadzirwa kwetii, "chirimwa chinodyiswa nemvura inorimwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvekurima", kunonyanya kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze, sekunaya kwegore rose kwemvura uye kugoverwa kwayo, tembiricha nemwaranzi yezuva.
Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuti tembiricha munzvimbo iyi yakakwira ne0.51 degrees Celsius kubva muna 1993 kusvika 2012, kunaya kwemvura pagore kwakadzikira ne152.50 cm uye hunyoro hunoenderana ne16.07%, izvo zvaita kuti “kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwese”.
Kunyange zvazvo avhareji yemvura inonaya yakakwana kupa zvinodiwa 10 matani emvura zuva nezuva kusvika pakukura Darjeeling tii miti yakamira munzvimbo yehekita imwe, kugoverwa kwemvura idambudziko guru.
“Mvura yepasi yadzikira apo mwaka wava kutanga kuoma,” akadaro Sandeep Mukherjee, Principal Advisor weDarjeeling-Indian Tea Association (DITA). IIndia Tea Association (ITA) ndiyo mubatanidzwa wekare wevagadziri vetii muIndia.
Anshuman Kanoria, sachigaro weIndia Tea Exporters Association (ITEA), vakatsinhira zvimwe chetezvo. “Gore rega rega kune kusanaya kwemvura muchando [mukupera] izvo zvinokanganisa mvura yekutanga [inokohwewa pakati pepakati paKukadzi naKubvumbi, tii yekutanga yekugezeswa idiki uye yakasvibira]. Gore rega rega kunaya kwemvura kusingaenzaniswi kunotanga muna Kubvumbi uye ipapo tinova nekunaya kwemvura zhinji muna Chivabvu naChikumi inova nguva yepamusoro yemhando yemvura yechipiri [inokohwewa pakati paChivabvu naChikumi, yechipiri mashizha etii akazara muviri uye anosviba kupfuura ekutanga. ]. Ndiyo nguva yakakwira mari uye mamiriro ekunze ari kukanganisa kunaka kweDarjeeling tii. "
Kukwira kwekushisa muDooars uye mudunhu reTerai uye muzvikomo kuri kukanganisa goho mumapindu etii. Mufananidzo, Happy Valley Tea Estate.
Zvakakosha kuita matanho ekugadzirisa muminda yetii kuderedza kukanganiswa kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pasina kunonoka, sezvo zvichitora nguva yakati rebei kuunza shanduko kuhurongwa hwezvirimwa zvemuti sekurima tii, vanoongorora vanodaro.
"Masangano eTea Research Institutes ari kushanda pane izvi kuti agadzirise dambudziko rekugadzira 'makororo anogadzirisa mamiriro ekunze'," Mutevedzeri wasachigaro weTea Board yeIndia, Saurav Pahari, akadaro achipindura email ichitsvaga ruzivo nezve matanho ehurumende. yakatora kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Kudonha kwekudiwa
Kudiwa uye kugadzirwa kwetii yeDarjeeling kwave kudonha mumisika yemumba neyekunze kwenguva yakati, uye nyanzvi dzinoti mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera kuipa apo Russia yakapinda muUkraine mukutanga kwa2022.
Maererano ne nhamba rakabudiswa ne Tea Board yeIndia, kugadzirwa kweDarjeeling tii kwaingova mamirioni manomwe makirogiramu muna 7.
Nekuda kwehondo irikuenderera mberi yeRussia neUkraine, uye zvirango kuRussia, vatengi vakuru vekuEurope vakambomira kutenga tii yeDarjeeling kana kuti vari kubhadhara mari shoma pairi, akatsanangura Kanoria weITEA.
"Mamiriro ekunze akawedzera nekuda kwekuderera kwehupfumi muEurope," akadaro Mukherjee weDITA, achiwedzera kuti makirogiramu 2.84 miriyoni chete eDarjeeling tii akatengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2022 (kusvika Mbudzi) mukuenzanisa ne3.5 miriyoni muna 2021.
Kunze kweEurope, Japan zvakare iri musika mukuru weDarjeeling tii. Zvakadaro, kukosha kweYen kuchikwira kudhora rekuUS, vatengesi vetii yeDarjeeling vari kutadza kutora mitengo yakanaka yezvigadzirwa zvavo kubva kumaJapan, akatsanangura Kanoria.
Kanoria, sachigaro weITEA, akataura kuti kunyangwe kuwedzera kwemutengo wekugadzira ne30% pagore-pagore, mutengo wepakati weDarjeeling tii mukutengesa ina okisheni yekupedzisira muna 2021 wakatadza kubhadhara varimi vetii zvakakwana.
Kutama semhedzisiro yekufamba kweGorkhaland
Mamiriro ezvinhu muNorth Bengal tii magadheni akawedzera panguva yekuvharwa kwemazuva 104 nekuda kwe 2017 Gorkhalaland kufamba. Kuratidzira kwemhirizhonga kwakaitika mhiri kwezvikomo zveDarjeeling mushure mekunge hurumende yeWest Bengal yazivisa Chibengali sechidzidzo chinosungirwa pazvikoro zvese mudunhu. Kuchidaidza kuti an kuiswa kweBangali tsika pahuwandu hwevanotaura Nepali vezvikomo, iyo Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) yakatonga kudiwa kwenguva refu kwenzvimbo yakaparadzana yeGorkhaland.
(Kana zvichibvira mufananidzo wefaira we 2017 kufamba unogona kuiswa pano kana mufananidzo uri pamusoro unogona kushandiswa semumiririri. Mutsara: Sangano re 2017 Gorkhaland rakatonga mhirizhonga iyo Darjeeling makomo akaonekwa munguva ye80s.
“Sezvo vanhu vasina kubhadharwa pakavharwa masitendi etii, vashandi vazhinji vakatama kubva mumakomo vachitsvaga mikana yebasa. Vazhinji vavo havasati vadzokera kunzvimbo dzetii, "akadaro Sumendra Tamang, murwiri wezvemagariro anoshandira kodzero dzevashandi vetii muNorth Bengal, achipomera mhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika yekubuda kwevanhu vakawanda kubva kumakomo. "Vanhu havana kungoenda kune mamwe matunhu eWest Bengal kana India, asiwo kunyika dzepakati-kumabvazuva seQatar neOman. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushomeka kukuru kwevashandi kwarova minda yetii. "
"Zvave zvinosungirwa kuti vashandi vetii vatumire munhu mumwe chete kubva kumhuri, kana asiri munhu wese, kunze kune tarisiro iri nani," akadaro Dawa Sherpa, nyanzvi yePhD paCenter for Economic Studies muDelhi's Jawaharlal Nehru University. "Mari inodzoserwa kumusha iri kuchengetedza mhuri dziri mukati memagadheni eti kuti dzisaparara." [Chikamu chechipiri cheiyi nhevedzano chinotsanangura mamiriro evashandi veti muminda.]
Kutama, zvisinei, kwakawedzera chimwe chinetso: vatengesi vavanhu vanonyengedza vakadzi muuranda hwevatano kana kuti kuvamanikidza kushanda savashandi mumaguta makuru.
“Kazhinji, vakadzi vanotama vanobva kumakomo vanopedzisira vaita chipfambi kana vakawira mumaoko evanotengesa zvisirizvo, nepo vanhu vanobva mudunhu reDooars neTerai vachinyengerwa kuti vashande mabasa anobhadhara zvishoma munzvimbo dzekuvaka kana sevashandikadzi,” vakadaro. Nirnay John Chetri weMarg NGO, iyo inorwisa kutengeswa kwevanhu muNorth Bengal uye inobatsira vakapukunyuka. "Vazhinji vavo vanopedzisira vavharirwa pasina chiedza pamagumo emugero."
Somuenzaniso, izvi ripoti The Print yakaratidza mabudisirwo akaitwa vasikana vadiki kubva mumagadheni etii kuNorth Bengal ndokumanikidzwa kupinda muusungwa zvisiri pamutemo ndokupinzwa zvisiri pamutemo kuenda kuBangladesh, Nepal neMyanmar. Siliguri Police Commissionerate yakanyora makumi maviri nembiri nyaya dzekutengesa pakati pa22 na2019, ukuwo dunhu reDarjeeling rakashuma imwe muna 2021 uye Alipurduar nhatu imwe neimwe muna 2019, 2019 na2020, sekureva kweshumo.
Mugwagwa unoenda kuHappy Valley Tea Estate. Vakwezvwa nemabasa anobhadhara zviri nani uye tarisiro yehupenyu huri nani kunze kweDarjeeling, vashandi vekurima tii vanowanzovharirwa mudandemutande rekutengesa kwevanhu kana kubiridzira.
Asi vemasangano anoshanda akazvimirira vanoti huwandu uhu hushoma. “Mapurisa pakutanga anozeza kumhan’ara kana mhuri yaenda kunomhan’ara nhengo yepamba pavo yashaika,” akadaro Chetri. Kunyange vakanyoresa chichemo chavo uye vakawana munhu wacho, mhuri uye munhu akabatwa chibharo havadi kuti kuferefetwa kwemapurisa kuenderere mberi nekuda kwechiseko chevanhu uye kunyadziswa kwevanhu, Chetri akawedzera.
Mutori wenhau uyu akaendeswa kuna Inspector Biswajit Majumder nemukuru weSiliguri Police Commissionerate kuti vataure nezvezviitiko zvekubiwa kwevanhu mumagadheni etii pasi pesimba ravo.
Majumder, inspector muBazi Revanhu Vakashaikwa veSiliguri Police Commissionerate vakati, "Tikangotambira chichemo chisipo, 'meseji ine chekuita' inosimudzwa kuburikidza neCID portal yedu kana nyaya yacho ine mwana mudiki. Kana mufi ava nemakore anopfuura 18, tinoti mhuri dzimbomira kwemazuva maviri-matatu dzisati dzanyoresa nyaya yacho,” vakadaro.
Inspector Majumder vakaramba kutaura nezvegwaro remapurisa rekuferefetwa kwenyaya dzekubiwa kwevanhu, sezvo "vasiri ivo vane mvumo yekutaura nezvazvo". Vati mapurisa anopa rubatsiro rwemhando dzese kumhuri vachitarisa kunzwisiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu.
Tatumira email kune komisheni yemapurisa tichikumbira ruzivo pamusoro penyaya dzekutengesa pamwe nekutaura pamusoro pematambudziko akataurwa naChetri. Tichagadzirisa nyaya kana tawana mhinduro.
Makwikwi kubva yakachipa tii kubva Nepal
Zvichakadaro, vashandi vachiderera nekuda kwekutama kwekunze, uye kuvharika kweGorkhaland kwakakanganisa kugadzirwa, Darjeeling tii. muzukuru kubva kuNepal yakaonekwa seimwe nzira yakachipa mumisika.
"[D] nekuda kwekuwanda kwetii yakaderera kubva kuNepal ichinzi Darjeeling tii, mitengo yepamusoro yechokwadi yeDarjeeling tii mumisika yepasi rose iri kuderera," maererano ne2022. ripoti nedare reParamende rinoona nezveCommerce, rine musoro unoti 'Matambudziko Anobata Indasitiri yeTea yeIndia kunyanya mudunhu reDarjeeling'.
Mushandi wekurima tii anotanha mashizha etii nemaoko muDarjeeling's Tukvar Tea Estate, Mbudzi 17, 2022. Kusagadzikana kweindasitiri yetii yeDarjeeling kwaisawo raramo yevashandi vayo panjodzi.
Mutengo wakaderera wetii kubva kuNepal imhaka ye "mutengo wavo wakaderera wekugadzira uye yakaderera maitiro ekugadzira", mushumo wakadaro. "Indasitiri yetii ndiyo musimboti wehupfumi hwedunhu reDarjeeling kuWest Bengal uye kuwedzera kwekuita kweDarjeeling Tea kunotyisidzira kugadzirwa kwetii uye raramo yevarimi vadiki vetiyi mudunhu".
Boka reTea Board, rakabatana nebazi rezvekutengeserana, rarambidza vanotengesa tii kubva kunze kwenyika. Vanotengesera kunze vakarambidzwawo kutengesa tii kunze kwenyika, yakadaro hofisi yaVaPahari.
Vatengi vakanyoreswa vakarairwawo kuti vasasanganise yechokwadi yeDarjeeling tii neinotengeswa kunze kwenyika tii.
Yekutanga kukiya nekuda kweCovid-19, kutanga Kurume wa2020, yakanga iri "mbambo yekupedzisira mubhokisi" yevarimi vetii vakawanda, avo vachiri kupora kubva pakukanganisa kwayo, akadaro Tamang, murwiri wezvemagariro evanhu. Vamwe varidzi veminda yetii vakatengesa minda yavo, kusanganisira nhanhatu pazvikamu gumi inowanikwa neThe Darjeeling Organic Tea Estates Private Limited (DOTEPL).
Tea tourism
Mukuda kununura indasitiri yetii yeDarjeeling uye kuvandudza mararamiro evashandi nemhuri dzavo, Hurumende yeWest Bengal yakazivisa 'Tea Tourism uye Allied Business Policy, 2019′. Yakabvumira kubatanidzwa kwakawanda pakati peiyo indasitiri yetii, mushandirwi mukuru muDarjeeling, uye kushanya, imwe huru chikamu chekuwana mari cheDarjeeling.
Mutemo uyu wakabvumidza minda yetii kushandisa 15% yeminda yavo, kana inokwana maeka zana nemakumi mashanu, kushanya kwetii uye zvimwe zviitiko zvebhizinesi zvakabatana se "nzvimbo dzekugara zvakanaka, masangano edzidzo, nzvimbo dzetsika/mavaraidzo & dzekuratidzira, floriculture, miti yemishonga, chikafu. processing units, packaging units etc”.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekuziviswa kwemitemo mitsva yekushanya kwetii, yeumbozha hotera cheni Taj gadzirira nzvimbo yekutandarira uye spa, inonzi Chia Kutir, mukati meiyo yakakurumbira Makaibari Tea Estate mumakomo eDarjeeling. Kuuya kwehotera yeTaj mugadheni retii yeDarjeeling kwakavhura magedhi emapurojekiti epamusoro ekushanya mune mamwe minda, seKanchan View Tea Estate.
Kanchan View Tea Estate, inozivikanwa seRungeet Tea Garden kusvika 2002, inonzi yave. rakarongwa zvirongwa zvekushanya inokosha kupfuura mazana maviri ezviuru zvemadhora mushure memutemo mutsva wekushanya tii.
Nekudaro, sarudzo haina kudzika zvakanaka nevashandi vegadheni reti. Vachipokana kuti manejimendi egadheni reti vatadza kubvisa mari yavo uye yasara mihoro "nekuda kwekushaya mari", vashandi vakaudza. IndiaSpend vakashamisika kuti varidzi ve[Kanchan View] vaifambisa sei mari yemahotera nenzvimbo dzekutandarira.
“Mihoro yedu nemabhonasi zvaifanira kubhadharwa. Vakuru vakati havana mari. Asi vaive nemari yekuvaka mahotera enyeredzi shanu. Izvi hazvigamuchirike, ”akadaro mumwe mushandi paKanchan View Tea Estate, asina kuda kudomwa nezita.
Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yakarongwa yekutandarira mukati meKanchan View Tea Estate iyo yakamiswa kwenguva. Mufananidzo waJune 24, 2022.
Vaenderera mberi vachiti veTea Estate vanga vachironga kuvaka imba yekutandarira panzvimbo yevashandi. basty kana kuti zvitangwena nokuputsa dzimba dzavo. Vashandi vanopomerawo zviremera zveKanchan View nekudzura zvidyarwa zvetii kuti zvigadzirise zviitiko zvekushanya, 'kwete' yakasimba semutemo wa2019.
Vane ruzivo nezviri kuitika vanoti kuchiri kukurumidza kuona kuti mutemo mutsva uyu uchabatsira here minda yetii nevashandi vayo.
Takasvika kuDhipatimendi Rezvekushanya uye neWest Bengal Tourism Development Corporation, kuburikidza nekufona uye email kutsvaga zvavanotaura nezvegwaro idzva uye kuti riri kubatsira sei kushanya kwetii muNorth Bengal. Nyaya iyi ichavandudzwa pavachapindura.
Hapana chimwe chezvinetso izvi mumagadheni etii chakabuda usiku hwose; nyanzvi dzinoti mhedzisiro yemakumi emakore kuregeredza kubva kuvaridzi, kusagona kuverenga kwevashandi uye zvematongerwo enyika zvine mukana nevatungamiriri venzvimbo nemasangano evashandi.
Aya matambudziko eindasitiri yetii yeDarjeeling aireva kuti mihoro yevashandi nemamiriro avo ekurarama haana kunaka. Izvi, pamwe chete nenyaya dzenhaka mumitemo yevashandi uye kushaikwa kwerutsigiro rwehurumende, zvakonzera kusagutsikana pakati pevashandi vepaminda yetii munzvimbo iyi, izvo zviri kuita kuti indasitiri iyi iite zvakaipa. Chikamu chechipiri chezvikamu zvedu chinotarisa munyaya dzekodzero dzevashandi paminda muDarjeeling.
Kunobva: https://www.eastmojo.com