#Groundwater #Agriculture #Sustainability #WaterManagement #GlobalCrisis #EnvironmentalConservation #Irrigation #SustainableFarming #ClimateChange #ScientificResearch
Mvura yepasi, iyo pfuma yakavanzwa pasi petsoka dzedu, inotsigira hupenyu nemararamiro pasi rose. Sekureva kweFood and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), inoumba chikamu chikuru chemvura yekudiridza (43%) uye mvura inonwiwa (36%) pasi rose. Nekudaro, zvichangobva kuwanikwa zvinopa mufananidzo wakashata wekuderera kwaro, zvichikurudzira chiito chekuchimbidza.
Yakatungamirirwa naProfessor Scott Jasechko weYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Santa Barbara, chidzidzo chepasi chakaongorora makumi mana emakore edheta kubva pamusoro pe170,000 pasi pemvura yekuyera nzvimbo uye 1,700 pasi pemvura masisitimu pasi rese. Yakatsikiswa muZvisikwa, chidzidzo ichi chinosimbisa chokwadi chinotyisa: kubvira 1980, mazinga emvura yepasi akadzikira mu71% yemvura yepasirese, nekukasira muzana ramakore rechi21.
Zvakazarurwa zvakakosha zvinoratidzira kwete chete kukura kwekuderera asiwo kurongeka kwayo. Nyaya dzekukurumidza kudzikira dzinopfuura maitiro ezvakaitika kare, zvichiratidza nyaya dzezvimiro. Kubva 2000 kusvika 2019, huwandu hwemvura yakarasika yepasi hwakaenzana nekatatu huwandu hweLake Superior, zvichisimbisa kukura kwedambudziko.
Matunhu ekurima ndiwo akatarisana nedambudziko iri, nzvimbo dzakaita sekuchamhembe kweIndia, kuchamhembe kweChina, kumadokero kweUnited States, North Africa, neMiddle East dziri kuderera nekukurumidza nekuda kwemadiridziro akawandisa. Mhedzisiro yacho inowedzera kupfuura kushomeka kwemvura, zvinosanganisira kukakavara, kutama, uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kushevedzera kwekuchengetedzwa kwemvura pasi pevhu kunoramba kuchiwedzera. Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa, kudzora kucherwa, kutorwa kwemaitiro ekurima ane hunyanzvi, kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, uye mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa veruzhinji zvinobuda sematanho akakosha ekuderedza dambudziko. Pasinei nekuoma kwemamiriro ezvinhu, nyaya dzekubudirira mumatunhu akaita sekumaodzanyemba kweAustralia, kuchamhembe kweEurope, uye kumaodzanyemba kweBrazil inopa tariro uye inosimbisa mukana wekuchinja kwakanaka.
Kunyange zvipingamupinyi zvinounzwa nekuderera kwemvura yepasi zvichityisa, kuedza kwakabatana kunotungamirwa nesainzi, kubatana, uye kuita nharaunda kunogona kugadzira nzira yeramangwana rakagadzikana. Izvo zvakakosha kuti tiite zvino kuchengetedza pfuma iyi yakakosha kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.