Ginger Farming (Organic) Information Guide
Chinyorwa chinotevera chinotaura nezve “Kurima Ginger” kana “Maitirwo eGinger”.
Introduction:
Ginger chirimwa chakakosha chekutengesa chinorimwa nekuda kwezvinonhuwirira rhizomes izvo zvinoshandiswa zvese sea spice uye mushonga. Ginger yekutengeserana ndiyo yakaomeswa rhizome. Inotengeswa nenzira dzakasiyana senge mbishi Tsangamidzi, ginger yakaoma, ginger yakaoma, ginger powder, ginger oil, ginger oleoresin, ginger ale, ginger candy, doro reginger, brined ginger, ginger wine, ginger squash, ginger flakes, etc. Ginger is the rhizome ye Zingiber officinale Rosc., herbaceous perennial yeZingiberaceae, uye inofungidzirwa kuti inozvarwa kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kweAsia. Inoparadzirwa kuburikidza ne rhizomes. Marhizomes akabuda akati twasu, madzinde ane mashizha, akareba 30-90 cm. Nheyo yemashizha sheathe hunde. Mashizha acho ane rima rakasvibirira, 15-20 cm kureba, nhete, lanceolate uye ane yakakurumbira midrib. Maruva madiki, eyero, ane makwapa, rimwe nerimwe rine muromo wepepuru une makwapa uye akatakurwa paspike. Kana zvinomera zvave nemwedzi mipfumbamwe, mashizha egirini anoshanduka yero. Ginger inogadzirwa muIndia inoenda kunoshandiswa mudzimba uye shoma chete inotengeswa kunze.https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_268876080https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_268876082https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_268876084
Verenga: Ginger Kurima Project Report.
Chinodiwa chekurima-mamiriro ekunze kuti Ginger ikure:
Ginger inokura munzvimbo inodziya uye ine mwando. Inonyanya kurimwa munzvimbo dzinopisa kubva pagungwa kusvika pakakwirira inopfuura 1500 MSL uye inogona kurimwa zvose pasi pemvura inonaya uye nekudiridzwa. Kuti ubudirire kurima, ginger inoda mvura ine mwero pa kudyara nguva kusvika marhizomes atungira, mvura inorema uye yakagovaniswa zvakanaka panguva yekukura uye mamiriro ekunze akaoma kweanenge mwedzi pamberi. kukohwa.
Ivhu rinodiwa pakurima Ginger:
Ginger inokura zvakanyanya muivhu rakanyoroveswa nemvura sejecha kana ivhu loam, red loam kana laititic loam. A friable loam akapfuma mu humus akanakira. Nekudaro, kuve chirimwa chinopedza zvingave zvisingadiwe kurima ginger munzvimbo imwechete gore negore. Inokura zvakanaka pasi pemumvuri usina kukwana, kunyange ichirimwawo pamwero mukuru munzvimbo dzakashama.
Inter-Crop muOrganic Ginger Production:
Ginger inogona kurimwa organically sechirimwa chepakati kana chakasanganiswa kana paine mamwe ese zvirimwa vanokura vachitevera organic nzira. Inogona kusanganiswa nezvirimwa zvinopa mumvuri, semuenzaniso bhanana, njiva-pea, muti castor uye cluster bhinzi (guar). Ginger inorimwa sechirimwa chakasanganiswa, mu kokonati, mudiki kofi uye orenji minda kuWest Coast. Panzvimbo dzepamusoro mu Himachal Pradesh, ginger inodyidzana nayo tomato uye chillie at.
Buffer zone muGinger Production:
Kuti kurima ginger organically, buffer zone ye 25 kusvika 50 tsoka inofanira kusiiwa yakatenderedza purazi rakajairika, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yepurazi. Zvibereko zvinobva mubuffer zone bhandi iri hazvifanirwe kubatwa seorganic. Kuve chirimwa chegore negore, nguva yekushandura inodiwa ichava makore maviri.
Kugadzirira kwevhu kweOrganic Ginger Plantation:
Paunenge uchigadzira ivhu, mashoma ekurima ekurima anogona kutorwa. Mibhedha inosvika 15 cm kureba, 1 m yakafara uye kureba kwayo inogona kugadzirirwa kupa nhanho inokwana masendimita makumi mashanu pakati pemibhedha. Solarisation yemibhedha inobatsira pakuongorora kuwanda kwezvipembenene uye zvipenyu zvinokonzeresa zvirwere. Solarisation inzira iyo mibhedha yakanyorova mumunda, inofukidzwa zvachose nemachira epolythene uye kuratidzwa nezuva kwemazuva makumi maviri-50. Mashizha epolythene anoshandiswa pakupisa ivhu anofanira kuchengetwa kure kana basa rapera
Kudyara zvinhu zveginger:
Mbeu dzakanyatsochengetedzwa dzisina zvipembenene nezvirwere zvinounganidzwa kubva kumapurazi akarimwa anogona kushandiswa pakudyara. Zvisinei, kutanga, mbeu dzembeu dzemuno dzinobereka goho repamusoro dzinogona kushandiswa pasina kugadzirwa kwembeu. Mbeu rhizomes haifanirwe kurapwa nechero makemikari.
Mhando dzakasiyana dze ginger:
Mhando dzinoverengeka dzinorimwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeIndia. China neRio-De-Janeiro ndiwo marudzi maviri eginger anotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Mamwe marudzi akakosha akarimwa ndiwo Maran, Assam, Himachal, Kuruppampadi, Wynad Local, Suprabha, Suruchi, Suravi, Himgiri, Varada, Mahima, Rajasthan etc. Mhando dzakanakisisa dzakakodzera zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana nde;
Mhando dzeGinger muIndia | |
Ginger yakaoma yakaoma | Maran, Nadia, uye Karakkal |
High oleoresin | Ernad Chernad, China, uye Rio-De-Janeiro |
Mafuta anopisa akanyanya | Sleeva Local, Narasapattam, uye Himachal |
Ginger yegirini | Rio-De-Janeiro, China, Wynad Local, Maran, uye Varadha |
Kudyara, Kupatsanura Ginger:
Mukurima Ginger, panguva yekudyara, isa 25 gramu yehupfu neem(Azadirachta indica) keke uye sanganisa zvakanaka nevhu riri mugomba rega rega. Ginger inodyarwa mumitsara, 25 cm kureba pamakiromita 20-25 cm mukati memutsara. Pachirimwa chinodiridzwa, michinjiro inogadzirwa 40-45 cm kubvarurana uye kudyarwa kweGinger kunorimwa mumakomba asina kudzika pamusoro pemichinjiro kureba 24-30 cm. Mabhiti embeu-rhizomes anorema 20-30 g imwe neimwe uye aine kanenge bud rimwe chete anodyarwa panzvimbo yakapihwa. Pakudyara, mbeu rhizomes yakasanganiswa nemombe dzakaora zvakanaka mupfudze or manyowa yakasanganiswa neTrichoderma ( 10 g yecompost yakabayiwa neTrichoderma) inogona kuiswa mumakomba asina kudzika uye yakafukidzwa nevhu rakatetepa uye kuenzanisa. Inenge 600-1000 kgs yembeu-rhizomes inodiwa kudyara ekari imwe chete yevhu. Mbeu dzepamusoro dzinoshandiswa pakudyara pakakwirira. Kudyara kunoitwa muna Kubvumbi-Chivabvu muSouth India uye gare gare muNorth India. Kudyara pakati paApril kumaodzanyemba uye nevhiki yekutanga yaMay kuchamhembe kunopa zvibereko zvepamusoro.
Goho reGinger rakadiridzirwa rinodiridzwa pakarepo mushure mekudyara. Mibhedha yechirimwa chinonaya mvura yakafukidzwa nemashizha ekudzivirira kubva kuzuva nemvura yakawanda uye nekuda kwekusimudzira organic zvinhu muvhu. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, manyowa epapurazi inoshandiswa semulch. Mbeu dzecluster-bhinzi, pigeon-pizi kana castor inodyarwa kudiridza migero pamakona emibhedha yakasimudzwa kuitira mumvuri. Miti inobuda mumazuva 10-20.
Kudiridza kunodiwa mukugadzira Ginger:
Migero yemvura yakafanira inofanirwa kupihwa mumitsetse yekubvisa mvura isingayerere. Kudiridzira kunoitwa panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzemazuva mashanu kusvika gumi kana zvichidiwa.
Ginger Cultural maitiro:
Mulching mibhedha yeginger nemashizha akasvibira ibasa rakakosha muginger kurima. Kunze kwekuva mupfudze, unobatsira mukuchengetedza ivhu nemvura. Mulching inogona kuitwa nemashizha egirini katatu muginger, kamwe mushure mekudyara @ 4 kusvika 5 tonnes / acre kuwedzera kumera, kuwedzera organic zvinhu, uye kuchengetedza. unyoro hwevhu uye kudzivirira kusukwa kwevhu nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura zhinji. Inodzokororwa @ 2 tonnes/acre pazuva rechi40 ne90 mushure mekudyara zviri nani panguva yekusakura, kusakura nekuisa ivhu. Kushandiswa kwemashizha eLantana camara neVitex negundo semulch kunogona kuderedza kuzara kwepfuti. Mupfudze wendove yemombe kana mupfudze wemvura unogona kudirwa pamubhedha mushure memumwe nemumwe mulching kuwedzera kuita kwemicrobial uye kuwanikwa kwekudya kunovaka muviri.
Kudzora Sora mukurima Ginger:
Masora maviri anowanzo kupihwa chirimwa. Kusakura kwekutanga kwasara kuvharwa kwechipiri uye kudzokororwa zvichienderana nekusimba kwe bundo kukura. Sora rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira mulching. Kana zvakakodzera kusakura kunofanira kudzokororwa kechitatu. Miti inoputirwa kamwe chete kana kaviri.
Kugadzira Ginger Plants:
Ginger inoda kurema manuring. Kushandiswa kwetsime rakaora ndove yemombe kana compost @ 2.5 to 3 tonnes/eka inogona kugadzirwa sebasal dose uchidyara marhizome mumakomba. Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwe neem cake @ 800 kg/acre inodiwa zvakare.
Zvipembenene uye Zvirwere, Kudzora Matanho eGinger Plants:
Shoot borer ndicho chipembenene chikuru chinokonzera kurima ginger. Kugara uchitariswa mumunda uye kutorwa kwe phytosanitary matanho anodiwa pakugadzirisa zvipembenene. Inowanikwa muna July-October nguva. Svinura nhungirwa nembora wocheka nhungirwa wotora gonye woriparadza. Mwaya neem mafuta (0.5%) panguva yepakati pehusiku humwe kana zvikaonekwa zvakakodzera. Misungo yemwenje ichave yakakosha mukukwezva uye kuunganidza zvipfukuto zvakura.
Soft rot kana rhizome rot chirwere chikuru chekurima ginger. Paunenge uchisarudza nzvimbo yekurima ginger kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kuti uone kuti nzvimbo yacho yakanyatsodonhedzwa sezvo kusamira kwemvura kunokonzeresa zvirimwa kutapukirwa. Sarudza marhizomes embeu kubva munzvimbo dzisina zvirwere sezvo chirwere ichi chiri nembeu. Solarisation yevhu yakaitwa panguva yekugadzirira mubhedha inogona kuderedza fungus inoculum. Zvisinei, kana chirwere chacho chikaonekwa, zviputi zvakakanganiswa zvinofanira kubviswa zvakanyatsonaka pamwe chete nevhu rakakomberedza rhizome kuderedza kupararira. trichoderma inogona kushandiswa panguva yekudyara uye kana zvichidikanwa. Kurambidzwa kushandiswa kweBordeaux musanganiswa (1%) munzvimbo dzine chirwere chinogona kuitwa kuti chidzore senzvimbo yekushandisa.
Kukohwa, Kurapa, uye Kubereka Ginger:
Goho reGinger ragadzirira kukohwewa mukati memwedzi misere kusvika gumi zvichienderana nekukura kwemhando yacho. Kana anyatsokura mashizha anoita yero uye pseudostems anotanga kuoma. Rhizomes inosimudzwa pamwe nekuchera-forogo kana nefoshoro. Vanocheneswa kubva kumidzi uye kunamatira zvimedu zvevhu.
Ginger yakasvibirira yakanyoroveswa mumvura kuti iite kuti kubviswa kweganda. Ganda rinokweshwa nezvidimbu zvakarodzwa sengere. Zvibereko zvakakushwa zvinoshambidzwa uye zvoomeswa muzuva kwemazuva matatu kana mana uye wokwizwa nemaoko. Iyo zvakare yakanyura mumvura kwemaawa maviri, yakaomeswa uye yozokwizwa kuti ibvise zvimedu zvese zvakasara zveganda. Kuomesa zuva kunobvisawo zvibereko. Peeling inofanira kuitwa nekuchenjerera uye neunyanzvi. Mafuta anokosha anopa ginger unhu hunonhuhwirira huripo mumasero epidermal uye saka kunyanya kana kuchera kusina hanya kunoguma nekukuvadza masero aya anotungamirira pakurasikirwa kwemafuta anokosha. Mapanga esimbi haashandiswe sezvo anowanikwa kusvibisa goho. Kuchengetedza ginger yakaoma kwenguva yakareba hakusi kudiwa. Kukohwa kweginger yakaoma ndeye 3-4 muzana yeginger nyowani zvichienderana nemhando uye nzvimbo iyo chirimwa chinorimwa. Kupisa sarufa yekugadzira ginger hakubvumirwi.
Avhareji yegoho reginger yegirini inofungidzirwa kusvika pamatani matanhatu kusvika gumi paeka. Kudzorerwa kweginger yakaoma kunosiyana kubva pa6 - 10 muzana.
Kuchengetedzwa kweMhodzi yeGinger:
Marhizomes achashandiswa sembeu anofanira kuchengetedzwa nemazvo. Maitiro echivanhu akaita sekuparadzira zvidimbu zvemashizha e Glycosmis pentaphylla kuteverwa nevarimi kunogona kugamuchirwa zvakanaka nekuda kwechinangwa ichi. Kuti imire zvakanaka, mhodzi dzembeu dzinofanira kuchengetwa zvakanaka mumakomba pasi pemumvuri.
Pambeu, marhizomes makuru uye ane hutano kubva kumiti isina zvirwere inosarudzwa pakarepo mushure mekukohwa. Nekuda kweizvi, masumbu ane hutano uye asina zvirwere anotaridzwa mumunda kana chirimwa chave nemwedzi 6 – 8 uye chichiri girinhi. Mbeu rhizomes inochengetwa mumakomba ehukuru hwakakodzera akagadzirwa mushedhi kudzivirira kubva kuzuva nemvura. Madziro emakomba anogona kuzora nendove yemombe. Mhodzi dzembeu dzinochengetwa mumakomba aya mumitsetse pamwe chete nejecha/sawdust yakaomeswa zvakanaka (kureva isai imwe layer yembeu rhizome, moisa 2cm gobvu yejecha/sawdust). Mukaha wakakwana unofanira kusiiwa pamusoro pemakomba kuti aeration yakakwana. Mhodzi dzembeu dziri mumakomba dzinoda kuongororwa kamwe chete mumazuva makumi maviri kuti dzibvise marhizomes akaunyana uye abatwa nechirwere. Mbeu rhizomes dzinogonawo kuchengetwa mumakomba akacherwa pasi pasi pemumvuri wemuti chero pasina mukana wekuti mvura ipinde mumakomba. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, rhizomes inotutirwa zvakasununguka pamusoro pejecha kana paddy goko ndokufukidzwa nemashizha akaoma mumashedhi akapfirirwa.
Pakati peKukura Ginger:
Kurima kweGinger ndicho chirimwa chine pundutso.