Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia masayendisiti akawana genetic data inozobatsira zvirimwa zvekudya zvakaita sematomatisi nemupunga kurarama kwenguva yakareba, nguva dzakanyanyisa dzekusanaya kwemvura papasi redu rinodziya.
Mukati memakore gumi apfuura, boka rekutsvagisa rakatsvaga kugadzira molecular atlas yemidzi yezvirimwa, uko zvinomera zvinotanga kuona mhedzisiro yekusanaya kwemvura uye kumwe kutyisidzira kwezvakatipoteredza. Mukuita kudaro, vakafumura majini ayo masayendisiti anogona kushandisa kudzivirira zvirimwa kubva kune izvi zvinonetsa. Basa ravo, rakabudiswa May 20 mujenari chitokisi, yakawana mwero wepamusoro wekunzwisisa kwemidzi mabasa nekuti yakabatanidza genetic data kubva kumaseru akasiyana ematomatisi midzi inokura mukati nekunze.
"Kazhinji, vaongorori vanoedza lab uye greenhouse experiments, asi varimi vanorima zvinhu mumunda, uye data iri rinotarisawo masamples emumunda," akadaro Neelima Sinha, purofesa weUC Davis webiology yezvirimwa uye munyori wepapepa. Iyo data yakaburitsa ruzivo nezve majini anoudza chirimwa kuita zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha.
Xylem imidziyo isina mhango, yakaita sepombi inotakura mvura nekudya kubva kumidzi kusvika kunhungirwa. Pasina chekufambisa muxylem, chirimwa hachikwanise kugadzira chikafu chayo kuburikidza nephotosynthesis. "Xylem yakakosha kusimudzira zvirimwa kubva pakusanaya kwemvura pamwe nemunyu uye zvimwe zvinonetsa," akadaro munyori anotungamirira Siobhan Brady, purofesa webiology yezvirimwa paUC Davis.
Nekudaro, pasina chirimwa chekutakura zvicherwa mu xylem, vanhu nedzimwe mhuka vangave vane mavhitamini mashoma uye ma nutrients akakosha kuti tirarame. Pamusoro pevamwe vatambi vakajairwa vanodiwa kugadzira iyo xylem, majini matsva uye anokatyamadza akawanikwa.
Chechipiri kiyi seti yemajini ndeaya anotungamira kunze kwemudzi kuburitsa lignin uye suberin. Suberin ndiyo chinhu chakakosha mukoki uye inotenderedza masero ezvirimwa munzvimbo yakakora, inobata mumvura panguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Zvirimwa zvakaita sematomatisi nemupunga zvine suberin mumidzi. Apple michero ine suberin yakatenderedza masero avo ekunze. Kwose kwazvinoitika, zvinodzivirira chirimwa kubva pakurasikirwa nemvura. Lignin zvakare inodzivirira mvura maseru uye inopa tsigiro yemagetsi.
"Suberin uye lignin ndiwo maitiro echisikigo ekudzivirira kusanaya kwemvura, uye ikozvino kuti majini anovavharira mune iyi chaiyo masero emasero akaonekwa, makomisheni aya anogona kuvandudzwa," akadaro munyori-munyori wekudzidza Julia Bailey-Serres, UC. Riverside purofesa we genetics. “Ndiri kufara kuti tadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemajini anodzora mwando uyu. Zvakakosha kuti tikwanise kusimudzira kusanaya kwemvura muzvirimwa,” vanodaro.
Majini anokodhera midzi yechirimwa akazove akafanana zvakanyanya pakati pematomatisi, mupunga, neArabidopsis, chirimwa chakafanana nesora. Meristem ndiro rinokura remudzi wega wega, uye ndiko kunobva maseru ese anoumba mudzi.
"Ndiyo dunhu richagadzira imwe midzi, uye inoshanda seye stem cell niche," akadaro Bailey-Serres. “Inoraira zvimiro zvemidzi yacho pachayo, sekukura kwayo. Kuziva nezvazvo kunogona kutibatsira kugadzira midzi iri nani. ”
Brady akatsanangura kuti kana varimi vakafarira chimwe chirimwa, vanosarudza mbesa dzine zvinhu zvavanoona, zvakadai semichero mikuru, inoyevedza. Zvakanyanya kuoma ndezvekuti varimi vasarudze zvirimwa zvine zvivakwa zviri pasi pevhu zvavasingaone.
"'Hafu yakavanzika' yechirimwa, pasi pevhu, yakakosha kuti varimi vafunge kana vachida kurima chirimwa zvinobudirira," akadaro Brady. "Kukwanisa kugadzirisa kunaka kwemidzi yechirimwa kuchatibatsira kugadzira zvirimwa zvine zvimwe zvinodikanwa."
Kunyangwe chidzidzo ichi chakaongorora zvidyarwa zvitatu chete, timu inotenda kuti zvakawanikwa zvinogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya. "Tomato nemupunga zvakaparadzaniswa nemakore anopfuura mamiriyoni 125 emhindumupindu, asi tichiri kuona kufanana pakati pemajini anodzora unhu hunokosha," akadaro Bailey-Serres. "Zvinogona kunge zvakafanana kune zvimwe zvirimwa zvakare."