Kuwedzera kwekudyara kwezvirimwa zvitsva kwevanhu vekuAmerica kunounza njodzi dzakawedzerwa maererano nehuwandu hwekubuda kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nechikafu pamwe nemhosva dzine hukama. Yakakura munzvimbo yechisikigo yakatarisana nehuwandu hwezvinhu, kubva kumhando yemvura inosiyana kusvika kumhuka dzepapurazi uye dzemusango uye dzinowanzodyiwa pasina kubikwa kana kumwe kurapwa kuderedza kana kubvisa hutachiona, kugadzirira-kudya-ku-kudya mitsva nemichero inogona kutakura njodzi huru. yekusvibiswa.
Kutaura zvazviri, kuwedzera kwenhamba dzezvakachekwa zvichangobva kuchekwa zvichemo, zvinosanganisira E. coli O157: H7 kubuda kwekupedzisira kunokanganisa sipinachi munyika yese, zvakakurudzira FDA kuti ibudise nhungamiro inovhara zvishoma zvakachekwa zvakachekwa michero nemiriwo, senge rakachekwa lettuce, akachekwa madomasi. uye kucheka celery, melon, chinanazi uye magrapefruit. Ikopi yakazara yegwaro rinowanikwa pawww.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/prodgui3.html.
Kunyangwe iyo nhungamiro iri mugwaro, "isingabhadhare," yakavhurika kuti veruzhinji vataure uye zvichienderana nekutenderwa neHofisi yeManejimendi neBudget, ivo vangangove nzira yekumisikidza mhosva yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nechikafu kune chikamu chega chega muchikamu chekugovera. kubva papurazi kusvika patafura. Izvi zvinotevera mhedziso yemirairo uye matanho anogona kutora vashandi veindasitiri yezvekudya kuderedza mukana wekusvibiswa.
Contamination Sources
Maprosesa anofanirwa kutarisisa mamiriro ekurimwa, kukohwewa, kurongedzerwa uye kutakurwa sezvo nhanho yega yega inopa mukana wekusvibiswa. Kusvibiswa kwakadaro kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekubata mupfudze usina kucheneswa unoshandiswa muvhu, mvura ine tsvina, vashandi vane utachiona, midziyo isina kuchena uye maturusi anoshandiswa mukukohwa nekurongedza uye/kana pasi nemadziro asina kuchena emotokari inoshandiswa pakutakura.
Kusvibiswa kwevashandi
Vashandi ndivo vanonyanya kusvibisa. Nhungamiro dzinotarisa hutano hwevashandi, hutsanana uye kudzidziswa uye dzinopa mazano ekudzidzisa vashandi mukati mebasa ravo rose (gore negore, zvishoma) pamusoro pekugadzira, kugadzirisa, kuvimbiswa kwehutano uye kutonga, hutano hwevashandi nehutsanana uye mitemo nemaitiro ehutsanana. Vatariri vanofanirwa kudzidziswa kuziva zviratidzo zvechirwere chinotapukira uye kusabvisa vashandi vane mamiriro ezvinhu kubva mukushanda kunogona kusvibisa zvibereko zvitsva kana nzvimbo dzekudya. Rumwe ruzivo pamusoro pezvidzidzo uye zvemienzaniso zvekushandisa zviripo pawww.nal.usda.gov/foodborne/index.html uye www.foodsafety.gov.
Facility uye Equipment
Sezvo nzvimbo yekugadzira (madziro, pasi, mahwindo, magonhi, nezvimwewo) nemidziyo zviri zvingango konzeresa tsvina, FDA inopa zano rekugadzira kana kugadzirisa nzvimbo yacho ku:
Kuganhurira kuwana nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa zvipembenene, shiri nemakonzo nekuvhara, kana isiri kushandiswa, uye kuvhara zvakakwana magonhi ese ekunze nemahwindo;
Shandisa plastiki kana simbi isina tsvina inopesana nehuni munzvimbo dzekugadzirisa kuderedza dambudziko re microbial harborage uye kuyambuka-kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvekupedzisira;
Ita shuwa kuti zvigadzirwa zvinouya zvakasvibira hazvimboyambuka nzira kana kushamwaridzana neyakagadzirwa nyowani-yakachekwa zvigadzirwa;
Ita shuwa kuti mhepo yakasefa inofamba kubva munzvimbo dzakachena (kurongedza uye kupedzwa kwechigadzirwa nzvimbo dzekuchengetera) kuenda kunzvimbo dzisina kuchena (nzvimbo dzekugamuchira) uye kwete zvakadzokera kumashure.
Utsanana
Sezvo pathogenic microorganisms inogona kuwanikwa pauriri, mumadhiraini uye pamusoro pekurongedza, giredhi, kugadzira uye kurongedza midziyo, maitiro ehutsanana akakosha kudzikisa uye kubvisa kusvibiswa kwehutachiona. FDA inopa zano:
Kugadzira nzira dzekushanda dzehutsanana dzinosanganisira kucheneswa kwakarongwa kwemidziyo, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera uye dzekugadzira uye masisitimu emhepo; uye
Kuchenesa, kuchenesa nekuchengetedza makemikari ane muchetura patembiricha yakafanira uye nenzira inodzivirira kusvibiswa kwekudya, nzvimbo dzekubata chikafu uye zvinhu zvekurongedza chikafu.
Packaging uye Kuchengeta
Nhungamiro dzinopa nzira dzekugadzirira, kugadzirisa, kurongedza uye kuchengetedza zvibereko zvitsva-zvakachekwa. Zvitsva-zvakachekwa zvinofanirwa kuongororwa kana zvawana kusvibiswa panguva yekurodha, kutakura uye kuburitsa, uye zvakakuvara kana zvakaora goho uye ivhu rese rekunze, marara uye zvipembenene zvinofanirwa kubviswa. Zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvakachekwa zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kubva pakusvibiswa kwemuviri, makemikari uye microbiological, isina kubva kune yakabikwa yakazara uye kuchengetwa uye kutakurwa munzvimbo dzine hutsanana patembiricha yakakodzera. Mazano chaiwo anosanganisira:
Chengetedza ruzivo nezve zvese zvinouya zvinosanganiswa, senge kuzivikanwa kwemurimi kana mutengesi uye zuva rekukohwa uye batanidza ruzivo urwu nemarekodhi ekugadzirisa (nemamwe mazwi, gwaro);
Shandisa inventory system inovimbisa kutanga-mukati, kwekutanga-kunze kushandiswa uye kutumira kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa; uye
Ita shuwa kuti chero nguva "yekushandisa ne" pasuru yechigadzirwa inosimbiswa nezvidzidzo zvechigadzirwa zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwemicrobiological, uye chengeta marekodhi ezvidzidzo izvi.
Kuchengeta
Marekodhi echizvino-zvino uye akakodzera anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa maererano nemaitiro ese ekuteerera. Marekodhi akadaro, kana akanyatsorongwa uye akagadziridzwa, anobatsira mukuferefeta kutsvagisa kuona kwakabva kusvibiswa uye kupa zvinyorwa zvinobatsira maererano nekutonga kwenjodzi uye kumatare.
Nepo FDA ichikurudzira kuti marekodhi akadaro achengetwe panzvimbo inogadziriswa kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuchengeta marekodhi akadaro kwenguva yakareba uye zvichiteerana nechero hurongwa hwekuchengetedza rekodhi. Funga kuti nyika zhinji 'zvimiro zvekukuvara kwemunhu zvisingakwanisi makore maviri.
Fresh-cut processors anofanirwawo kumisa nekuchengetedza hurongwa hwenjodzi hwakanyorwa kuti vatange nekuita chirangaridzo chegoho kana pachinge chasvibiswa uye vanofanira kuvaka hurongwa uhu muzvibvumirano zvekukwira nekudzika pazvinogoneka. Urongwa uhwu huchasanganisira mazita evashandi vanobatika, nzira dzekuziva, kutsvaga nekudzora vayeukwa uye zvimwe zvingangove zvakakanganisika zvigadzirwa nematanho ekutarisa kushanda kwekuyeuka. Pakeji uye makodhi emazuva anozobatsira kubatanidza mapeji echigadzirwa nenguva yekugadzira, michina uye yakasvibira emidziyo masosi, nekudaro kufambisa kudzoreredzwa kwezvigadzirwa panguva yekuyeuka.
Retail Compliance
Chigadzirwa chakanyatsogadziriswa chinogona kusvibiswa panzvimbo yekutengesa. Nekudaro, nhungamiro dzinokurudzira varimi vanogadzira, vatakuri, processor uye vatakuri kuti vashande nezvikamu zvekutengesa kugadzira matekinoroji ekuona uye kuteedzera zvinyoro zvakachekwa kubva kupurazi kuenda kumutengi. Kunyangwe nhungamiro idzi dzisati dzataura nezvevanopa chikafu, maresitorendi nezvitoro zvikuru, masangano aya anofanirwa kuda kuti vatengesi vaburitse zvinyorwa zvematanho akatorwa kutevedzera nhungamiro uye/kana nhungamiro yeindasitiri yezvekutengesa (senge ine chekuita nemavise, lettuce nemadomasi. , izvo zvakatumirwa pa www.cfsan.fda.gov).
Civil Litigation
Munhu haafanire kunyengedzwa nemaitiro ekusasungirira nhungamiro. Vamhan'ari vari kutsvaga kuchengetedza masangano ese ari muchikamu chekugadzirwa kwezvitsva-zvakachekwa uye kugovera zvine mhosva yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nechikafu vachashandisa gwara sehwamanda (kuunganidza vakawanda vanoti) uye bakatwa (kurwisa makambani ega ega). Nekune rimwe divi, ma processor, vagovanisi uye vatengesi vanodzivirira kubva pazvichemo zvemhosva yechigadzirwa vanogona kushandisa kuteedzera nhungamiro senge nhovo isina kukwana pamhosva yevagari.
Mhosva dzichangoburwa dzinoratidza izvi, rimwe dare richiona kuti mugadziri anofanirwa kutevedzera mirairo yeFDA kana kutarisana nemhosva inogona kuitika (Troutman v. Curtis, 143 P.2d 74, 86 (Kan. App. 2006)) uye imwe ichiwana kuti kuedza kutevedzera Mitemo yeFDA inogona kutorwa seuchapupu hwekunzwisisika kwemupomerwi (Feldman v. Lederle Labs, 608 A.2d 356 (NJ Super. 1992) mutongo aff'd sezvakashandurwa pane dzimwe zvikonzero, 625 A.2d 1066 (NJ 1993)).
Kana nhungamiro dzikasateedzerwa uye kutevedzwa kusina kunyorwa, vanova bakatwa kune vanomhan’ari uye vanosiya avo vanodzivirira pazvichemo zvechikafu vari mungozi yemigumisiro yakakomba yemari pasina nhovo yokuteerera. Pakupedzisira, kutonga nhungamiro kunozobatsira kudzikisira njodzi uye kuitika kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nechikafu uye kukonzeresa mutoro wevanhu, nepo kutadza kutevedzera kuchawedzera zvakanyanya njodzi dzakadai.
John F. Mullen naMaryTeresa Soltis vanodzidzira muFood Liability Group yekambani yezvemitemo Cozen O'Connor (www.cozen.com), inomiririra maindasitiri ezvigadzirwa nemukaka nevagadziri vezvekudya vakaputirwa munyika yose mumatare emhosva yechigadzirwa.