Drones…
Kana iwe uri kufunga nezve apiculture, unogona kunge uchifunga nezve drones (chirume nyuchi).
Asi kana iwe uchifunga nezvekurima - zvakanyanya kusimudzira maitiro ekurima muzana ramakore re21 - unofanirwa kunge uchifunga nezvekukosha kwemarobhoti emuchadenga asina kubatwa.
Aya ma drones anovimbisa kuve nekukanganisa kukuru pakurima kwakasimba kwezana ramakore re21.
Chokwadi, bepa rekuongorora richangobva kuburitswa, "Drones: Innovative Tekinoroji Yekushandisa muPrecision Pest Management,” inobuda muJournal of Economic Entomology, inofanira kuverengerwa. Basa renhengo ina dzepasi rese timu yesainzi, kusanganisira UC Davis entomologist Elvira de Lange, ndiyo imwe yekutanga yerudzi rwayo kupfupisa zvinyorwa zvesainzi nezve mashandisiro ezvekurima drones ekugadzirisa zvipembenene.
De Lange, uyo akaunganidza boka revanyori, anoti kurima kwakasimba muzana ramakore rechi21 kunofanirwa kuramba kuchienderana nemadrones uye humwe hunyanzvi hunyanzvi.
Mukusimudzira kudiwa kwekutsvagisa, vanyori vanoti drones iri kuita chikamu chakakosha chekutonga kwezvipembenene, kubva pakuona tumbuyu kusvika pakudzitonga.
Mukuongorora kwavo, vanosimbisa "kuti kuchengetedzwa kwezvipembenene mukurima kwezana ramakore rechi21 kuchatsamira zvakanyanya pamatekinoroji matsva, uye kuti maitiro aya achatungamira sei kudiwa kuri kukura kwekudyidzana kwakasiyana-siyana kwekudyidzana pakati peagronomists, ecologists, software programmer, uye mainjiniya. ”
"Tinokurudzira kutaurirana kwakakura uye kubatana pakati pemasayendisiti kubva kwakasiyana siyana, vamiririri vezvekuwedzera, vashandi vemuindasitiri, uye varimi vekutengesa kuti vasvike pakugona kwe drones kubatsira nekutonga nekudzora zvipembenene," akadaro De Lange, munyori anowirirana uye mumwe wepashure pechiremba. Christian Nansen lab, UC Davis Dhipatimendi reEntomology uye Nematology.
Iro bepa rinovhara kushandiswa kwemadrones nemidziyo yekunzwa kure, kuona matambudziko ezvipembenene kubva kumhepo. Inoda kuwedzera kushandiswa kweactuation drones, kupa zvigadziriso zvakaita sekupfapfaidza mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye kuburitsa zvipenyu zvebiocontrol. “Mabhuku akawanda ane chokuita nokuziva zviri kure,” akadaro de Lange.
"Drones yakava yakakosha kuzvirongwa zveIPM muBrazil, kunyanya kuBiological Control," akadaro munyori anotungamira uye nyanzvi yezvipembenene. Fernando Iost Filho yeDhipatimendi reEntomology uye Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. “Izvozvi zviri kushandiswa kuburitsa ma<em>parasitoids muzviuru zvemaeka ezvirimwa zvemumunda, zvakadai senzimbe nesoyabhinzi, akadaro Filho, aimbova mudzidzi wekuchinjana paUC Davis. "Kushandisa kwavo kutarisa hutano hwezvirimwa kunotarisirwa kuwedzera muminda yeBrazil mumakore mashoma anotevera."
Filho achangopedza dhigirii rake rema drones uye ari kure sensing muBrazil uye parizvino ari mudzidzi wechiremba. Co-vanyori, kuwedzera kuna De Lange, injinjini uye drone kutaurirana nyanzvi Zhaodan Kong, purofesa mubatsiri, UC Davis Dhipatimendi reMechanical uye Aerospace Engineering; neremote sensing nyanzvi Wieke Heldens yeGerman Aerospace Center, Earth Observation Center, Germany.
"Kuonekwa kwekutanga kwechirwere uye kushandiswa kwekurapa kunoenderana nekutonga kwezvipembenene, zvichibvumira sarudzo dzekutonga kuti dziitwe zvipembenene zvisati zvanyatsogadziriswa uye kurasikirwa kwechirimwa kuchiwedzera," vanyori vakanyora muzvinyorwa zvavo. “Kuongorora twumbuyu kunotora nguva uye kunogona kukanganiswa nekushaikwa kwemaitiro ekuenzanisa akavimbika kana asingadhuri. Nekudaro, tinopokana kuti dambudziko rakakosha rekutsvagisa rine chekuita nekusimudzirwa kwekuchengetedza zvipembenene mukurima kwemazuva ano kuri kugadzira nekusimudzira nzira dzekutarisa zvirimwa. "
Drones inogona kunanga kubuda kwezvipembenene kana nzvimbo dzinopisa muzvirimwa zvemumunda neminda yemichero, senge Colorado mbatata beetle muminda yembatatisi kana nzimbe aphid mumhunga, masayendisiti akadaro. “Zvipembenene hazvifungidzike uye hazvina kugovaniswa zvakafanana. Precision tekinoroji dzekurima, sekushandisa drones, dzinogona kupa mikana yakakosha yekubatanidzwa kwepest management (IPM).
De Lange, achicherekedza kuti drone dziri kuwedzera kushandiswa mukurima nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, akati: “Idzo dzinowanzoshongedzerwa noruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwuri kure, nokuda kwokufungidzira goho, kunzvera kushanduka kwechirimwa, kana kuti mavara evhu.”
"Kune makumi ezviuru mikana yekushandiswa kwemadrones mukugadzirisa zvipembenene," akadaro. "Drones dzinonzwa, dzakashongedzerwa tekinoroji yekunzwa kure, inogona kubatsira kuona hotspots. Zvipembenene zvinowanzova zvidiki uye zvakaoma kuwana, saka kuona zvisina kunanga, kuburikidza nekuchinja kwezvinomera zvinoratidzira chiedza, zvine mukana wekuwana tumbuyu nekukurumidza, kurapwa nekukurumidza, uye kuchengetedza kukuvara."
"Uyezve, actuation drones, akashongedzerwa nemazvo espray rigs kana madhishi ezvipenyu zvebiocontrol, anogona kushandisa mhinduro dzenzvimbo. Kupfapfaidza mishonga yezvipembenene painodiwa ingaderedza zvinodiwa zvekupfapfaidza munda wese. Kugovera kunobudirira kwezvipembenene zvebiocontrol kwaizoita kuti ive imwe nzira inokwikwidza pane mishonga yezvipembenene.”
De Lange akawedzera kuti: “Midziyo yekunzwa iri kure, inogona kuiswawo pandege dzine vanhu nemasatellite. Nekudaro, ma drones anobhururuka achidzika, achiwedzera gadziriso yemifananidzo, uye kuita makore mashoma enyaya. Kazhinji dzakachipa uye dzinogona kufambiswa nendege kakawanda. Zvichienzaniswa nemidziyo yakavakirwa pasi, drones inogona kuvhara nzvimbo yakawanda munguva pfupi. "
Vanyori vakati ma drones anogona zvakare kushandiswa kugovera zvipembenene zvisina hutachiona uye kukanganisa kusangana, uye kubatsira mukudzivirira kuputika kwezvipembenene, pane kungopa mhinduro kumatambudziko aripo.
De Lange, uyo ane doctorate mumakemikari ecology kubva kuYunivhesiti yeNeuchâtel, Switzerland, akabatana neNansen lab muna 2016. Zvido zvake zvekutsvakurudza zvinosanganisira kusangana kwezvirimwa-zvipembenene, kusanganiswa kwezvipembenene, makemikari ecology uye kurima kwakarurama. Anoita zvakawanda zvekutsvagisa kwake paCalifornia mastrawberries.
- Kathy Keatley Garvey, University of California ANR
Mufananidzo uri pamusoro: Drone pamusoro peSanta Monica sitirobheri munda. Drones inogona kunanga kubuda kwezvipembenene kana nzvimbo dzinopisa mumitumbi yemumunda neminda yemichero, masayendisiti akadaro. Mufananidzo: Elvira de Lange