Iyo fungidziro yekuti drones ichachinja mamiriro ekurima yave iripo kwemakore akati wandei ikozvino. Munguva pfupi yapfuura sa2016, iyo MIT Technology Ongororo yakati kushandiswa kwedrone kwaive "kuchinja" kurima.
Panguva iyo drones mumunda - ingave yekutarisa zvirimwa kana kupfapfaidza - iri kukwira, muchina wehype unoita kunge wanonoka. Kushandiswa kweDrone chikamu cheramangwana rekurima, asi kukurudzira drones kudzoreredza zvekurima pamwe miganhu pakuva hyperbole.
"Drones haitore nzvimbo yendege, asi vanozowana nzvimbo mukushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene," Dominic LaJoie, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wezvemamiriro ekunze, National Potato Kanzuru, akadaro panguva ichangopfuura Potato Expo muAustin, Texas.
Kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nesora kuri kuwedzera kuitika, asi - semamwe mashandisirwo mazhinji evanoongorora madhironi - kwete kusvika pakuwanikwa nyore kune varimi. Ian MacRae, purofesa uye Extension entomologist, University of Minnesota, uyo akaita tsvakiridzo yakakura achishandisa drones, akataura nezvenyaya iyi munguva pfupi yapfuura Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable & Farm Market EXPO muGrand Rapids, Michigan.
Panyaya yekushandiswa kwekupfapfaidza, MacRae akati drones anodhura anogona kutakura anenge makirogiramu gumi echigadzirwa panguva, izvo zvisingaite kuti zvishande kuminda mikuru.
"Chokwadi haisati iri yekushandiswa kwakajairika," akadaro.
Hezvino izvo MacRae aifanira kutaura pamisoro yakasiyana siyana inosanganisira tekinoroji yedrone.
Kure kuziva
"Chii chiri kutyaira iyi pfungwa yese kuseri kwe drones uye kure sensing ndiko kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi," MacRae akadaro. “Kunyangwe ma drones ari kutariswa zvakanyanya, drone ingori ingori inobhururuka katatu. Nyaya chaiyo inouya nemasensa. Kufanana nenharembozha, zvese zvinova zvidiki, nekukurumidza, zvirinani uye zvakachipa. Ndizvo zviri kuitika nemasensor.”
Semuyenzaniso, MacRae akati mana-sensor mudziyo unoyera wavelengths kuona zvisina kunaka chirimwa chiitiko chaimhanya madhora masere 8,000 makore mashoma apfuura ingangoita hafu yanhasi.
Thermal makamera
Iyo nzira iri kure yekunzwa tekinoroji inoshanda ndeyekutumira akawanda wavelengths kuenda kuchirimwa uye nekutarisa izvo zvinoratidzwa kumashure. Iyo inonyanya kutaura ndeyepedyo-infrared mwenje, MacRae akadaro. Huwandu hwakadzikiswa hwechiedza che infrared chiratidzo chechirimwa chakasimbiswa, asi icho hachisi chitsva chakawanikwa. Iko kufambira mberi kuri kuitika kuri mukushandiswa kwemakamera anonzwa tembiricha.
"Kazhinji, nezvipembenene nezvirwere, maitiro achave ari ese ari maviri anogara pahurefu hwakafanana," akadaro MacRae. “Asi zvirwere, sezvinofungidzirwa, zvinokanganisa kudziya kwechirimwa kupfuura zvipembenene. Saka isu tinokwanisa kushandisa thermal kugadzirisa kuti tiri kubata netumbuyu kana chirwere.
"Ma sensors aya madiki, tinogona kuaisa pane drone panguva imwe chete nemamwe masensor."
Kutendeseka
Mutengo weiyo drones pachawo uri kudzika, pamwe nemidziyo yekunzwa uye makamera, asi ichiri mutsara wakanaka wekuenzanisa mari nenjodzi. Sezvakataurwa naMacRae, kana iwe ukabhururuka drone, iyo drone ichapunzika pane imwe nguva.
"Kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana kunze uko. Unogona kuenda kune yakakura. Isu tinobhururuka idzo, asi isu tinotangawo kuenda kune zvidiki, zvisingadhure mota, "MacRae akadaro. “Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti chimwe chezvinhu izvi chinorovera – unoona kuti handina kuti ‘kana’ — asi kana chikabondera, unenge wawana mari shoma. Iyo DJI S1000, ingangoita $4,000. Iyo 3DR Solos inosvika mazana matatu emadhora. Dzinoshanda nenzira imwechete, uye dzinenge dzakavimbika. Musiyano ndewe S300 inorema mubhadharo, saka tinoishandisa kune ma sensors akakura. "
GIS mukuvandudza software
Sensors uye makamera ane kugona kuunganidza yakawanda data uye mazana emifananidzo kubva kune imwechete drone rwendo kuenda kumunda. Pasina software yakakodzera kuronga uye kutsanangura iyo data, hazvina basa kune varimi. Kufambira mberi munzvimbo iyoyo kuri kuenderera mberi, MacRae akadaro.
"Takatsvaga nzira dzekuyera defoliation tichishandisa mifananidzo yemuchadenga. … Takaona kuti iyi haisiyo nzira ichatanga kutorwa,” MacRae akadaro. "Isu taifanira kutsvaga software yaizove yakanyanya kunaka kune varimi. Takatanga kutarisa geographic information software (GIS). Ichi chinhu chiri kuwanikwa zvakanyanya. Inoita basa rekutungamirira otomatiki mumatarakita. Isu takanyatsodzidzisa GIS kuti iti 'iyi imiti yemiti' uye 'izvi hazvisi.' Panguva iyoyo, GIS yakagadzirirwa kukuudza kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekuvhara kwaunayo mune imwe nzvimbo. "
Pamhene
MacRae inoshanda zvakanyanya nembatatisi kupfuura chero chirimwa. Chikwata chake chiri kutarisa nzira dzavanogona kushandisa masensor kuona PVY uye kunonoka blight, pakati pezvimwe zvirwere, vachishandisa kure kure sensing pane drones uye akawedzera kuti kuyerwa kwekudya kuri mumabasa. Kudiridza uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene nemishonga yesora inogona kunge iri nzvimbo huru dzekutarisa mumakore anouya, zvakadaro.
"Chimwe chezvinhu chingave chakanyanya kukosha mumakore mashoma anotevera kunyura, kunyanya nemabatiro aanogona kuita pambatatisi uye kutakurwa kwemishonga yesora," akadaro MacRae.
Chimwe chishandiso
Vabatiri vari kuona kuvandudzwa kwe drone neziso rakajeka, asi izvo hazvisi kushandura kuisa mari izvozvi, MacRae akadaro. The return on investment haisati yavepo.
"Kuchine michina yakawanda inoda kuvandudzwa," akadaro. “Kana ndichitaura nevatori vechikamu, vanofarira data, asi ivo havafarire kuve ivo vanotora data. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ndinofunga tichaona kugamuchirwa kuchibva kumhando dzebasa.
"Ndicho chinhu chekuchengeta mupfungwa - madrones achachinja huwandu hweruzivo rwaunarwo uye nekukubatsira kuita sarudzo, asi ivo havasi kuzotsiva chero chinhu," MacRae akawedzera. "Ichangove imwe sosi yedata."
- Zeke Jennings, VGN mutori wenhau