#Vineyardirrigation #DirectRoot-Zone #Subsurfacedripirrigation #Winegrapeproduction #Droughtresilience #Sustainableagriculture
Munyika yekugadzira mazambiringa ewaini, uko kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusanaya kwemvura kunowedzera matambudziko anowedzera, mhinduro dzeunyori dzakakosha kuchengetedza minda yemizambiringa ine hutano uye kuchengetedza goho rezvirimwa. Pinda Direct Root-Zone (DRZ) subsurface drip irrigation, nzira inoputsa iyo inovimbisa kugadzirisa patsva nzvimbo yekudiridza yemunda wemizambiringa.
Makore gumi etsvakiridzo yakakura yakaitwa muminda yemizambiringa yeWashington State's Columbia Basin yakapa humbowo hwakasimba hwekushanda kwemadiridziro eDrZ pasi pevhu. Haisi kungochengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura inokosha, asi inochengetedza zvibereko zvewaini yewaini uye unhu. Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwazvino, nzira iyi, iyo inoendesa mvura kuburikidza nemachubhu epurasitiki kusvika pakadzika 30-90 cm pazasi pevhu, inogona kuchengetedza kusvika makumi matatu neshanu muzana emvura zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro ekudonha kwepasi.
Chimwe chezvinonyanya kufadza zvakawanikwa ndechekuti basa remuzambiringa uye kugadzirwa kunoramba kunoenderana kwakasiyana kwakadzama kudzika kwemvura mukati menzvimbo yemidzi. Kuwanikwa uku kwaita kuti pave nekurudziro yekuburitsa mvura pakadzika 45-60 cm, nhanho inoratidzika kunge inobata kuwirirana pakati pekuita kwemuzambiringa nekuchengetedza mvura.
Kuwedzera Kusimba Kusanaya kwemvura
Munzvimbo dzinorimwa mazambiringa ewaini iindasitiri huru yekurima, senge idzo dzine mamiriro ekunze eMedithera, zvakakosha kuti munda wemizambiringa ushingirire pakusanaya kwemvura. Kudiridzira pamusoro pemvura yagara iri nzira yekuwanisa mvura yekuwedzera panguva yekuoma, asi haina zvipingamupinyi zvayo. Kudiridza kwepamusoro kunotapukirwa nekurasikirwa nemvura kuburikidza nekuputika uye kukwikwidza kubva kumiti isingadikanwi, inowanzonzi "masora."
Kusiyana neizvi, kudiridza kwekudonha kwepasi pevhu kweDRZ kunopa nzira yakanyatsoshanda yekuunza mvura yakananga kumidzi, kuderedza kurasikirwa nekuda kwekupupuma uye kukanganisa kwesora. Iyi nzira yekuvandudza inosanganisira kuisa polyvinyl chubhu pedyo nebhesi remuzambiringa, zvichiita kuti mvura ibudiswe pakadzika 45-60 cm pasi pevhu. Kudzivirira ivhu uye midzi kupinda muchubhu, chifukidziro chejira refiberglass chinogona kushandiswa pamucheto wezasi, nepo vinyl top cap inoshanda sechiratidzo chekuvharika kwechubhu kunokonzerwa nekumanikidza kwemvura.
Kunzwisisa Dynamics Mvura Yevhu
Kuti tinyatsonzwisisa mabhenefiti ekudiridza kweDRZ pasi pevhu, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise mafambiro emvura muvhu. Nepo simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi richiita basa rakakosha kutyaira mvura ichidzika, zvimwe zvinhu, senge ivhu rezvinhu uye maitiro emidzi, zvinokanganisawo kutakurwa kwemvura. Kudiridzira kweDRZ kunoshandura kugoverwa kwemidzi, ichivakurudzira kuti vaongorore kudzika kwevhu. Kugadziridzwa uku kunopa mizambiringa mukana wakakura wekunyorova, kunyanya panguva dzetembiricha dzakakwirira pedyo nepamusoro.
Mukutaura, izvi zvinoreva kuti mizambiringa ine midzi yakadzika midzi inogona kutsungirira zvirinani mamiriro ekusanaya kwemvura, sezvo ichikwanisa kupinda mumvura inochengeterwa isingakanganisike nekupisa kwepasi. Kugona uku kunonyanya kukosha mumamiriro ezvinhu e "kushomeka kwekudiridza," nzira inoshandiswa kuwedzera kunaka kwewaini yewaini kuburikidza nekuderedza kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura. Kudzikira mazinga ekudiridza panguva dzakakosha dzekukura nhanho, senge veraison, zvinogona kutungamira kune yakagadziridzwa mazambiringa, kukanganisa waini mhando maererano neshuga yemukati, tannin mazinga, uye ruvara.
Kuenzanisa Kuongorora
Kuongorora zvakanakira kudiridza kwedrip yeDRZ pasi pevhu, ongororo yakadzama yakaienzanisa nekudiridza kwepasi mumunda wemizambiringa wekutengesa muWashington State. Simba remvura yevhu rakatariswa pachishandiswa masensa epamusoro, uye mazinga akasiyana ekudiridza akaiswa kudzokorora mamiriro epasirese. Migumisiro yacho yakanga ichishamisa.
Mukuenzanisa-ne-parutivi, kutakura kweDRZ kunogara kuchipfuura nekudiridza pamusoro pekudonha. Mvura yevhu iri pasi peDRZ yakaratidza kusiyana kushoma pakati pezviitiko zvekudiridza, zvichiratidza mamiriro akanyanya kugadzikana emiti yemizambiringa. Kugadzikana uku kwakawedzera kusvika kune yakadzika ivhu, zvichiratidza kuti madiridziro eDRZ anopa mvura inovimbika kumiti yemizambiringa kunyangwe mumwedzi inopisa kwazvo yegore.
Ramangwana Rakasimba Reminda Yemizambiringa
Kugona kurimwa kwedrip irrigation yeDRZ kunopfuura kudarika kwekuchengetedza mvura ipapo. Inopa varimi mukana wekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekudiridza vachishandisa ivhu remvura sensors, kuderedza njodzi yekunetseka kwemvura pamiti yemizambiringa. Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kuramba ichikanganisa mamiriro ekunze, tekinoroji iyi inova yakakosha mukuchengetedza kugadzirwa kwewaini.
Mukupedzisa, Direct Root-Zone subsurface drip irrigation inomiririra kusvetuka kunoshamisa mukutonga kwemunda wemizambiringa. Haingochengetedze mvura chete asiwo inosimudzira kusimba kwemunda wemizambiringa pakusanaya kwemvura, nokudaro ichiva nechokwadi cheramangwana rakagadzikana uye rakabudirira revarimi vewaini yewaini. Nekutsvagisa kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi uye kuenderera mberi nekutora vana, kudiridza DRZ kunogona kunge kuri kiyi yekuvhura mukana wakazara weminda yemizambiringa mumamiriro ekunze anogara achichinja.