Kupararira kwechirwere chekudya munguva pfupi yapfuura uye fungidziro itsva pamusoro pechirwere chechirwere chekudya kubva kuCenter for Disease Control and Prevention kana kuti CDC inogona kunge iri simba rakakurudzira kupfuura kwekupedzisira kwebhiri rekuchengetedza chikafu S.510. Sechikamu chemutemo iwoyo, FDA inozodikanwa kugadzira mitsva yekuchengetedza mirairo yevagadziri vemichero nemiriwo ine njodzi yakanyanya. Iyi pfungwa yakawedzera yekukurumidzira yekudya kwakachengeteka ine varimi vekudya nevagadziri vanoongororazve sarudzo dzavo dzekuyedza chikafu panzvimbo kana mumunda.
ZVIRIPO ZVINOITWA TEKNOLOJIA
Varimi nema processor munhoroondo vakashandisa imwe yenzira nhatu kuyedza utachiona: adenosine triphosphate (ATP) yekutarisa hutsanana masisitimu, kuyedza tsika uye polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kuyedza.
Adenosine triphosphate utsanana hwekutarisa masisitimu bvunzo yemorekuru ATP, inowanikwa mune zvese organic zvinhu. ATP assays anoyera iyo ATP kubva kumhuka nemiriwo maseru pamwe nemhenyu kana kufa mabhakitiriya, mbiriso kana mold. Iyi ongororo inogona kushandiswa pane zvisiri-organic nzvimbo kuona kuchena uye inoda kuti pave ne10,000 kusvika 100,000 mabhakitiriya aripo kuti abudise ATP yakakwana kuti iite kuonekwa kwakanaka kwebhakitiriya.
Chiyero chetsika bvunzo yemurabhoritari inotaridza kuti mabhakitiriya api kana mbiriso inogona kunge iripo mumuenzaniso wakapihwa. Kuongororwa kwetsika kunoda kuti sampuli ichengetwe kwenguva yakatarwa, kazhinji maawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere, kupa mabhakitiriya mukana wekukura kuti aone kuvepo kwawo. Izvi zvinoda kutumira sampu kurabhoritari.
PCR chiyedzo chinoshandisa DNA kuyedza mabhakitiriya akasiyana uye utachiona. Maitiro acho anokudza chidimbu cheDNA ichigadzira zviuru nemamiriyoni emakopi. Yakanyatsojeka uye inotora pakati peawa gumi nemaviri kusvika maawa makumi maviri nematanhatu.
ZVINHU ZVAKAWANDA
Matekinoroji aripo ane zvimhingamupinyi zvinoita kuti dzisashande pazvinangwa zvevagadziri vezvekudya uye bvunzo dzisingashande dzinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwechikafu, kurwara, kurasikirwa kwemari nezvimwe zvakawanda.
ATP assays bvunzo yekuvapo kwemorekuru ATP, iyo iripo mune zvese organic zvinhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bvunzo yakanaka yeATP inongosimbisa kuti organic matter iripo - kwete hazvo mabhakitiriya. Ichi chiedzo chaicho muyedzo wehutsanana, kana kuti chepamusoro chakajeka kune chero chipenyu kana chakafa organic zvinhu. Nekuti inoyedza organic zvinhu, haigone kushandiswa pachikafu sezvo chikafu chiri organic. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo ATP assay haigone kuona biofilm, inonamira byproduct yezvipenyu zvinogona kuvanza mabhakitiriya mhenyu. Imwe nyaya neATP yekuyedzwa ndeyekugadzira yakakwana ATP kugadzira bvunzo yakanaka, mabhakitiriya anozoda kuverengera mabhakitiriya gumi.
Kuongororwa kwetsika kwakaringana, asi nzira yacho inoda kuti mabhakitiriya apinzwe kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika kumaawa makumi mana nemasere kuratidza kuvepo kwebhakitiriya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sampuro inotumirwa murabhoritari panguva ino yekuisa uye nyanzvi yakadzidziswa inoverenga bvunzo. Iko kudiwa kwebasa rebhu kunowedzera mutengo kumushandisi wekupedzisira uye nguva yakawedzerwa inowedzera mikana yechikafu chakasvibiswa inotsvedza kuburikidza nekuita.
PCR miyedzo, nepo iine chokwadi chakanyanya, inoda kuti mugadziri atumire sampu kurabhoritari uko nyanzvi yakadzidziswa inoshandisa michina inodhura kugadzirisa bvunzo. Muedzo wacho pachawo une matanho akati wandei akaomarara, uchiwedzera kumitengo inopfuudzwa kumugadziri wezvekudya. PCR miyedzo inoda chikamu chekupfumisa chinotora pakati pe8 maawa ne20 maawa, pamwe neawa imwe kusvika kumaawa mana ekuyedzwa chaiko. Matanho akawedzerwa uye nguva yekuwedzera mitengo uye mikana yekusvibiswa kwechikafu ichaenda isingaoneki.
ENzyme TESTING
Microbiologists vanga vachidzidza nekushandisa ma enzymes kuona mabhakitiriya kubva kutanga kwa1950s. Vazhinji vakamira kushandisa nzira dzemaenzayimu vochinjira kune antigen/antibody kana Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAAT) matekinoroji muma1970 nema1980. Kubva panguva iyoyo, zvakadaro, kuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga kwe enzyme kwakatungamira mukuwanikwa kweakananga ma enzymes ane hukama neakawanda akasiyana ma microorganisms. Ruzivo urwu rwakatungamira mukugadzirwa kwevaridzi substrates vanogona kuona nekubatanidza kune chaiwo ma enzymes akapihwa neakananga mabhakitiriya. Neruzivo rutsva urwu bvunzo dzakagadzirwa kuti dzishandise ma substrates ayo kana hydrolyzed ne enzyme inoburitsa fluorescence inogona kuverengwa nefluorometer kana nekuwedzera reagent kuti ibudise reaction colormetric.
Mamwe masisitimu ekuongorora anofanirwa kuwana bhakitiriya sero pachayo nekukura sampu mutsika, kana kudzokorora DNA uchishandisa PCR/NAAT system. Idzi nzira dzinotora, kazhinji, inopfuura zuva kuwana mhedzisiro kubva panguva yekuunganidza sampuli uye dzinoda akadzidziswa marabhoritari matekiniki nemidziyo inodhura. Uchishandisa nzira yekuona enzyme, mabhakitiriya anogona kunge achigadzira zviuru zvemamorekuru ee enzyme, izvo zvinowedzera kusawirirana uye nguva yekuonekwa nekukurumidza kupfuura chero dzimwe nzira dzekuona.
BACTERIAL ENzyme DETECTION KITS
Uchishandisa nzira iyi, mabhakitiriya ekuona maenzayimu ekuona makiti, ayo anouya angave manyorero swab kits kana edhijitari handheld fluorometer kits, anogona kushandiswa mumunda kuyedza nzvimbo uye chikafu chezvipenyu zvakakwana, giremu negative bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae). Iwo maedzo anosimbisa kuvepo kana kusavapo kwebhakitiriya pamusoro peyakajairwa kumashure mazinga nemhedzisiro ipapo mumaminetsi makumi maviri. Iwo maedzo ari nyore kuita, haadi zvekuwedzera michina uye zvakare anoona mabhakitiriya akavanda mubiofilm. Kurongeka kwakakura kupfuura 20 muzana kana zvinopfuura chiuru zvipenyu zviripo pabvunzo tambo kana zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare. Iwo makiti akagadzirirwa kushanda sechishandiso chekutarisa kutsvaga "nzvimbo dzinopisa" dzine mazinga asingagamuchirwe ekusvibiswa kwebhakitiriya. Nekuti iwo akachipa, anokurumidza uye ari nyore kushandisa, kakawanda kutarisisa uye kuyedzwa kunogona kuitwa.
VANOBATSIRWA
Enzyme mabhakitiriya ekuongororwa assays ane akawanda mabhenefiti pamusoro peyakajairwa tsika, ATP uye PCR assays anosanganisira kukurumidza kukurumidza, nyore kushandisa, kurongeka kwepamusoro, mutengo wakaderera uye kugona kuona biofilm. Enzyme assays inopa mibairo mukati maminetsi mashoma se20 kubva kusampuli kusvika pamhedzisiro uye mhedzisiro inowanikwa mumunda kana pasaiti sezvo isingade kuti masampuli atumirwe kurabhoritari. Tsika kana PCR bvunzo dzinoshandisa midziyo yakasarudzika uye matekinoroji akadzidziswa apo maassay haaite, zvichiita kuti ive inoshanda, inodhura yekuongorora chishandiso kune varimi vekudya uye ma processor.
Chiverengwa
Tsika yazvino, ATP uye PCR miyedzo inodhura, inononoka uye yakaoma. Kushandisa enzyme yekuona mabhakitiriya mumunda kunopa nzira yakarurama, inokurumidza uye isingadhuri yekuongorora mazinga ane ngozi ekusvibiswa kwebhakitiriya. Kuve nemutengo wakaderera wekutarisa chishandiso kunoreva kuti vashandisi vanogona kuyedza kakawanda nekudaro vachiwedzera zvakanyanya budiriro yekubata kusvibiswa kwebhakitiriya isati yawana nzira yayo kumutengi.