Sezvo California inonaya kumwe kusanaya kwemvura, maturusi anogona kubatsira varimi nevarimi kuti vawedzere mvura yavanowana vari kurodzwa.
Kuedza kutsva kwekuyera kushandiswa kwemvura kwakadaro kwakatangwa svondo rapfuura nemubatanidzwa wehurumende-yakazvimirira unosanganisira masangano matatu ehurumende - National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Bazi rezvekurima reU.S.; uye US Geological Survey - uye akati wandei emayunivhesiti uye masangano akazvimirira. OpenET, ine chinangwa chekutevera mashandisirwo emvura munzvimbo gumi nenomwe dzekumadokero, yakatanga Gumiguru 17 uye inowanikwa pa www.openetdata.org
ET inoreva evapotranspiration, nzira iyo mvura inoputika kubva pasi uye kubuda kubva muzvirimwa.
Robyn Grimm, director wezvemamiriro ekunze-anoshingirira mvura masisitimu paEnvironmental Defense Fund, akafananidza kutonga mvura pasina evapotranspiration data nekugadzirisa bhajeti remhuri usingazive kuti imarii iri kushandiswa.
"Ichi chikamu chechipiri pakukura kwekutenderera kwemvura uye chinogona kunzi chakapesana nekunaya kwemvura," Grimm akadaro pamusangano wevatori venhau uchizivisa nezvekutanga svondo rapfuura. "Mvura inosiya nyika ichidzokera mumhepo, uye nekudaro, chiyero chemvura isingachashandiswa muhurongwa hwenzvimbo kana ichinge yaiswa panzvimbo."
Chirongwa ichi chinotanga nekutarisa setiraiti kubva kuLandsat, mishoni yakabatana pakati peNASA neGeological Survey. Chirongwa ichi chine matatu setiraiti mu orbit, iyo nyowani yakatangwa kutanga kwaGunyana. Data kubva kune mamwe NASA uye European Space Agency satellites anoshandiswa zvakare.
Forrest Melton, sainzi wekutsvagisa paNASA's Western Water Applications Office, pamusangano wenhau kuti evapotranspiration inoshandisa simba uye inotonhorera pamusoro pemvura iri kubuda.
"Kutonhora uku kunoonekwa kuLandsat's thermal infrared sensor, iyo inoona mazinga epamusoro eET sekutonhora kwepasi," akadaro Melton. "Tembiricha inotonhorera, zvinoreva kuti mvura yakawanda iri kushandiswa kana kupfurwa nezvirimwa, uye zvakare inobuda kubva pasi."
Zvirimwa zvicharatidza huwandu hwakasiyana hwechiedza che infrared uye pedyo-infrared zvichienderana nehutano hwezvinomera, Melton akadaro.
"Izvi zvinotibvumira kuverenga ET kunenge ndima yega yega yekurima kuMadokero, uye zvakare kuyera mhedzisiro yekusanaya kwemvura (uye) moto wesango munzvimbo yese ine ruzivo rwakakura," akadaro Melton.
Kubatanidza data resetiraiti nemeteorological data inobvumira masayendisiti kuverenga evapotranspiration mazinga epixel yega yega yemufananidzo wesatellite, Melton akadaro, achiwedzera kuti pixel yega yega inoyera 30 ne30 metres, kana chikamu chechina cheeka.
Pane mabasa akazvimirira ega munzvimbo iyi arikuenderera mberi. Joel Kimmelshue akatanga LandIQ muna 2007 achishandisa humwe hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji akamiririra vatengi vake.
"Tinoturika ngowani yedu pakukwanisa kutaurirana zvakananga nemurimi uye kunzwisisa kuti murimi anofunga sei, nekuti ini ndinobva munzvimbo iyoyo," akadaro Kimmelshue, anobva kumhuri yekurima yeButte County. Tekinoroji yake inodzika kusvika kune diki resolution pane OpenET 10 metres ne 10 metres, kana 0.02 acre - uye data rinowanikwa kumutengi chete. OpenET data, nekusiyana, ichave inowanikwa kune veruzhinji mune shoma fashoni.
Pamusoro pebasa rekuita mepu yezvirimwa kuDhipatimendi reZviwanikwa zveMvura, LandIQ iri kuita evapotranspiration-data kuunganidza akati wandei ematunhu ekudiridza uye masangano anochengetedza mvura yepasi kumaodzanyemba kweSan Joaquin Valley.
"Vari kushandisa data kune varimi vanobhadharisa ikozvino pamvura yavanodya - yakawanda sei mvura inowanikwa nembesa maringe nemaitiro ekubhadharisa echinyakare ekuti waisa mvura yakawanda sei? Wapomba mvura yakawanda sei?" Kimmelshue akadaro.
“Haasi donhwe rose remvura rinoiswa pamusoro pevhu rinoshandiswa nechirimwa,” vakawedzera kudaro. "Unoda kukwira kusvika pa90% kunyatsoshanda kana ipapo kana uchikwanisa, asi yasara yemvura inodzokera kumvura yepasi."
Kushanda kwe90%, Kimmelshue akatsanangura, zvinoreva kuti chikamu chemvura chiri kutorwa nemuti kana muti.
"Chiyero ichocho chekushanda chinogona kudzikira kusvika pa50%, zvichienderana nekuti unofambisa sei mvura," akadaro. “Ukangobatidza pombi yako wozora mvura kwemazuva matatu akatwasuka, unozoisa mvura yakawanda kudarika iyo zvirimwa zvinogona kushandiswa. Kana ukabatidza pombi yako woisa mvura uchipindura kudiwa kwechirimwa, izvo zvinopihwa nedata redu, unogona kubata kupomba kwako nenzira inobudirira. ”
Kimmelshue haangotori shoko rema satellites-iye nevashandi vake vanopedza nguva yakawanda mumugwagwa.
"Bhizinesi redu diki rakanangana nezvinorema pasi-chokwadi," Kimmelshue akadaro. "Tine network inosvika makumi masere, inosvika makumi mapfumbamwe zvino, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze pasi zvinoyera zvinhu zvakaita sekumhanya kwemhepo uye tembiricha uye hunyoro uye net radiation, nezvimwewo, kuverenga chaiyo ET. Isu tinoshandisa iyo seyekudzosa dhata kudzidzisa mamodheru. ”
Basa rake rekugadzira mepu rinouya zvakare, akadaro.
"Tinosanganisa iyo mepu yezvirimwa mukuongorora kwedu," akadaro Kimmelshue. "Tinokwanisa kutarisa ET yemaarumondi, ET yewalnuts, ET yealfafa."
Iyo data, akadaro, inofanirwa kubatsira varimi nevarimi kubata nekuve pasi pemaikorosikopu.
"Pane kuongororwa kwakanyanya kune varimi pari zvino pamusoro pekushanda zvakanyanya, kuve nehunyanzvi, kuve nehunyanzvi - kupomba kushoma, kupomba kushoma, kupomba kushoma," akadaro Kimmelshue. "Nekuda kwe (Sustainable Groundwater Management Act), panogona kunge paine ivhu rakakura rakawira kumaodzanyemba (San Joaquin) Valley uye pamwe nedzimwe nzvimbo dzedunhu. Varimi vachatambanudza migove yemvura kusvika pavanokwanisa. Vanokurudzirwa kuti vasanyanya kunyorera panguva ino. "
- Kevin Hecteman, California Farm Bureau Federation