University of Arizona musayendisiti wekudyara uye purofesa anobuda Merle Jensen yakanzi controlled environment agriculture “kutanga kwekuchinja kwekurima.”
Mhinduro yakakurumbira kune yanhasi kudiwa kwevatengi vemiriwo mitsva, ine hutano, inorimwa munharaunda, iyo pfungwa yekugadzira zvirimwa zvegreenhouse iri kuwedzera uye iko zvino yava kupa mupiro ungangoita mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri echikafu chekugadzira chikafu.
"Makore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura, vanhu chete vaida kutaura neni nezvekurima greenhouse vaive varimi vembanje, asi zvese zvachinja izvozvi," akadaro Jensen.
Pashure pemakumi emakore ndiri muindasitiri ichiri kusimukira, akati, “Dzimwe nguva ndinonzwa somumishinari anoita zvekurima.”
Kare muna 1965, Jensen akafunga kuti iri zano rakanaka kuyedza kuisa mhepo nekudziya mumavhavha emitsara yakareba mamita 150 nekuwedzera mvura nefetereza kuburikidza neaakambodaidza kuti “do hose,” yatinoziva nhasi semadiridziro ekudonha.
Varimi vakakura vari kushandura zvikamu zveminda yavo kuti zvienderane nemamiriro ekunze, uye mapurazi madiki ari kugadzirisa tekinoroji yegirazi. Kunyangwe varimi vemuriwo wekuseri kwemba vari kumisikidza mini-operation kuchengetedza tumbuyu, kuderera kwemitengo yekudiridza, kushandisa chiedza chezuva uye kuchengetedza kushanda kwegore rose kunogona kudzivirira kutonhora kwechando, sekureva kwaJensen.
Haisi pfungwa itsva. Kugadzirwa kwechikafu kwekutanga-kwakatipoteredza kunofungidzirwa kuve magaka emwaka wekunze anorimwa "pasi pedombo rinoonekera" raMambo weRoma Tiberius. VaIjipiti nevaBhabhironi vairima hove dzinodyiwa mumagadheni emvura makore anenge 3,000 XNUMX apfuura, sezvinotaurwa munhoroondo dzekare.
Kusvikira pakati pemakore ekuma1900, tsika yepurazi yakaramba isina kuchinja: chera gomba, kudyara mbeu, mvura uye kudya, tora masora asingadiwi, wozokohwa goho uye unakidzwe nazvo. Kurumidza kumberi kune varimi vemazuva ano vegreenhouse kana hoop house varimi, vanokura mumibhedha yevhu yakavharirwa kana hydroponic.
"Iri kurima zvirimwa mumhinduro yemvura uye fetiraiza, paine kana kusashandisa svikiro sejecha kana peat moss kana coconut coir," akadaro Jensen. “Sarudzo yekuendesa kurima mumba uye kukura (controlled environment agriculture) iri pachena. Tine masimba pamusoro pechikamu chese chekushanda, uye tinokwanisa kuwana goho rakapetwa kagumi kusvika makumi maviri paskweya tsoka. Takatyora chinovhariridza mukurima muriwo mumagreenhouses.”
Nekuti madomasi anoda zuva, Arizona inzvimbo yakanaka yekuakurira.
"Kune maeka mazana mashanu pari zvino pasi pekurimwa kwegreenhouse muArizona, uye kugadzirwa kwemadomasi pasi pegirazi mudunhu medu kwakura kusvika pamusika wemadhora mazana maviri nemazana maviri," akadaro Gene Giacomelli, director we. Yunivhesiti yeArizona's Controlled Environment Agriculture Center. Nzvimbo yeECAC inokwanisa kugadzira nehydroponically zvirimwa zvematomatisi, mhiripiri kana magaka zvinosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana maviri mukati me1,200-plus square feet yekudziya-yakatonhorera-yakadiridzwa greenhouse.
"Amber mafungu ezviyo haasi kupinda mukati me greenhouse chero nguva munguva pfupi iri kutevera, asi kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo kwakarongeka musika uri kukurumidza kukura wezvinhu zvakakosha semhando dzese dzematomatisi, mhiripiri, magaka, lettuce, microgreens uye sitiroberi," Giacomelli akadaro. “Chikwata chiri kusimukira sezvatiri kutaura ndechemurimi wepurojekiti diki, chikamu chechina cheeka (10,000 XNUMX square feet), kana kutongoita churu, anoda kukura gore rose.
"Kuchine ramangwana rekurima kwakajairika," Giacomelli akadaro. "Kutarisira mazana ezviuru zvemaeka ekurima kwegreenhouse kutsiva purazi rakavhurika hazvinzwisisike, asi kukura kunodzorwa kwegreenhouse kuri kutoshanda munzvimbo dzakaita seSouth Pole muAntarctica, uye pamwe, rimwe zuva, kunyangwe pamusoro pemwedzi kana Mars. . Kana izvozvo zvichiita sezvisina musoro, yeuka kuti kugadzirwa kweminda uye kukura pasi pegirazi kwakafanana mukuita, sezvo izvo zvinodikanwa zvechirimwa zvekukura zvinoramba zvakafanana kune ese magadzirirwo emiti. "
Jensen anga ari mutauriri anotungamira pamusangano wepagore, "Yakadzorwa Yekurima Kwenzvimbo Yekugadzira Chikafu mukati meMapurazi Echinyakare uye Asiri Echinyakare Madhorobha." Akakurukura nzira yekubudirira kurima zvirimwa zvehydroponic pasi pekuvhara, uye akacherechedza kuti pfungwa yekurima gadheni yakange ichitariswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
“Tine vanhu vakawanda vanoda kupihwa zvekudya, uye varimi vevhu vari kutengesa minda yavo kuti isimudzire maguta, dzimba dziri kuvakwa panzvimbo dzinorimwa zvakanaka,” vakadaro. "Tinofanirwa kushandisa hurongwa hwakangwara kurima chikafu chakawanda paskweya tsoka, yakachinjika kana yakatwasuka, ine mizambiringa inokwira 12 tsoka kumusoro.
"Sarudza kwaunoda kuenda usati watanga rwendo," Jensen akadaro, uye akakurudzira chimiro chekutanga chemamita makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu pakufara uye 20 kusvika 30 tsoka kureba.
Magreenhouses, angave akasununguka kana matatu-mativi akatsamira-ku (akanamatira kune iripo chimiro), haauye nemabhukwana ekuraira, saka unofanirwa kuita basa rako rechikoro pachine nguva, akadaro.
Kuwanda kwemadhorobha kwekugadzirwa kwechikafu iindasitiri yekukura, sezvo ivhu rekurima richiva shoma uye richidhura, sezvo kusanaya kwemvura uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunochinja kugadzirwa kweminda, sezvo kushomeka kwevashandi kuri kuramba kuchikwira uye nekudiwa kwechikafu chemuno uye chakarimwa chinokura. Kunyangwe iri muchimiro chebindu rakavhurika, zvigamba zvegadheni pamusoro pedenga remba kana nharaunda dzakadzivirirwa senge yakakwira tunnel greenhouses uye / kana hydroponics uye kurima kwakatwasuka, kurima kwemadhorobha kuchaita chikamu mukusimudzira kwekugadzira zvirimwa, sekureva kwaJensen.
- Lee Allen, mutori wenhau weVGN