Ndi 2021, angangoita 2022, uye mwero wehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji muhupfumi hwedu uye nzanga inoenderera mberi. Ndeapi maturusi ari kusimukira anogona kupa varimi vePennsylvania veholesale mukana wemakwikwi uye kuderedza zvipingamupinyi mukubudirira kwemari?
Tekinoroji yakashandura zvinhu zvakawanda zvekurima nehupfumi, asi mazhinji emabhizinesi nekuchengetedza rekodhi masisitimu anoshandiswa nevarimi anosarira kuseri kweshanduko yedhijitari. Imwe tekinoroji nyowani inodaidzwa kuti "blockchain" ine mukana wekushandisa kumapurazi nemaketani ekupa chikafu.
Chii chinonzi blockchain?
Blockchain ndiyo yekutanga tekinoroji iyo itsva yehupfumi uye yemutemo masisitimu anogona kuvakwa. Yakatanga kuoneka nekutangwa kwemari yedhijitari inonzi 'Bitcoin' anenge makore gumi apfuura. Muchidimbu, blockchain chishandiso chinogona kurekodha kutengeserana uye kuteedzera ruzivo pakati pemabhizinesi nemidziyo pamaketani ekupa. Kana yangogadzirwa, kutengeserana kunova chikamu cherekodhi yekusingaperi uye haigone kushandiswa nevashandisi vega.
Imwe nzira yekufunga nezve blockchain mugore ra2021 ndeyekuienzanisa neinternet yekutanga 1990s. Kushandiswa kwe'World Wide Web' kwaive kushoma panguva iyoyo, maererano nemashandisirwo mazhinji emazuva ano. Masangano ega ega uye madiki network evanhu akaedza zvishandiso zvitsva se'Electronic Mail' uye mawebhusaiti ane ruzivo akavakirwa pashanduro yekutanga ye'Internet.' Saizvozvo, kushandiswa kwe blockchain semari yedhijitari yataurwa pamusoro, iri kugadzirwa izvozvi. Zvimwe zvakawanda zvekushandisa zve blockchain tekinoroji zvichagadziriswa mumakore anotevera.
Sei blockchain yakakosha kufunga nezvayo izvozvi?
Nei internet yaive yakakosha kudzidza nezvayo mukutanga ma1990? Tekinoroji nyowani dzekutanga senge internet muma1990 - uye, pamwe, senge blockchain ikozvino - inokwanisa kutsanangura patsva mabatiro atinoita kune mumwe nemumwe, kuita bhizinesi, uye kugadzira budiriro yemari. Mienzaniso yekutanga yekushandiswa kweblockchain mucheni yekugovera chikafu inosanganisira kupa vatengi kuwana ruzivo nezve kwakabva chigadzirwa uye maitiro ekukura; otomatiki zvibvumirano uye maitiro ekubhadhara; kunatsiridza chigadzirwa uye ingredient traceability; uye kugonesa kubatana kwakanaka uye kuunganidzwa pakati pevagadziri.
Vatengi vanoda rumwe ruzivo. Vatengesi vegirosari vanoda 'kuziva murimi wavo.' Ongororo zhinji dzinoratidza kuti kuziva kuti chikafu chinogadzirwa sei uye kupi kunobata sarudzo dzekutenga kwevatengi. Blockchain tekinoroji inoita kuti vamwe vagadziri vasiyanise mhando yavo uye kudzamisa kubatikana nevatengi. Semuyenzaniso, IBM iri kugadzira network yepasi rose yevanopa mafuta omuorivhi uye vachishandisa blockchain kutsvaga ketani yekugovera yezvigadzirwa zvavo kutenderera pasirese.
Blockchain inogona kubatsira vagadziri kuchengetedza nguva nemari. Automatic kana 'smart' zvibvumirano zvakavakirwa pa blockchain tekinoroji zvinogona kutumira kubhadhara kune mugadziri nekukurumidza kana kuburitswa kwasimbiswa, semuyenzaniso. GPS yekutevera, yakasungirirwa kune zvakawanda zvechigadzirwa kana maSKU ega ega, inogona kuodha zvigadziriso zvenzvimbo uye kukonzeresa mamwe mazwi ekondirakiti kana kupa ruzivo rwakajeka rwecheni-yekuchengetwa kuti itevedzerwe.
Vatengesi vangangoda rimwe zuva kutora chikamu mune yavo blockchain masisitimu. Traceability itsika iri kusimukira mune zvekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa maketani. Traceability masisitimu anoteedzera chigadzirwa kubva pakwakabva kusvika pakutenga kwekupedzisira kwevatengi, kazhinji nekutarisa nezvekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye kuronda kungangobuda kwechirwere chekudya. Blockchain tekinoroji inogona kushandiswa pano kuteedzera mhando, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuyerera kwezvigadzirwa. TraceHarvest Network inoshandisa blockchain tekinoroji kuvandudza kuzivikanwa uye kugadzirisa panguva yekuyeuka kwekuchengetedza chikafu uye simbisa mabviro ezvigadzirwa uye zvitupa zvetifiketi. Walmart iri kuongorora mashandisirwo e blockchain mucheni yavo inotonhora, kutsvaga E. coli kubuda mu lettuce semuenzaniso, kuronda chigadzirwa chingangove chine utachiona nenzira inokurumidza, yakanangwa, inogoneka.
Uchishandisa blockchain, vagadziri vadiki vanogona zvakare kukwikwidza zvirinani nevagadziri vakakura kana vekunze kuburikidza nekubatana uye kuunganidza. Masisitimu matsva ekushanda pamwechete anosanganisira otomatiki makondirakiti uye yakavandudzwa yekuteedzera inogona kugutsa zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zvezvitoro zvikuru zvemusika uye kuvhura mikana mitsva yekutengesa kune varimi network.
Vagadziri vePennsylvania vanoronga ramangwana rebhizinesi ravo vachaita zvakanaka kuchengetedza blockchain tekinoroji pane radar yavo. Kubudirira kwenguva refu kunoda kudzidza maturusi matsva uye matekiniki sezvo ivo vachibatsira bhizinesi rako uye kururamisa mutengo wekugamuchirwa. Blockchain inogona kuumba hupfumi hwedhijitari yeramangwana uye kukanganisa PA vagadziri 'mari kubudirira.
- Jay Eury naBecky Clawson, vadzidzisi vePenn State Extension