Varimi vanopedza nguva yakawanda nemari vachidzora sora nezvimwe zvipembenene, uye kazhinji vanofanira kutendeukira kumishonga inopfungaidza makemikari kuitira kuti twupukanana twunoparadza twusaparare. Varimi vanonetsawo kuti voita sei nezvibereko zvakaderera pakurima zvirimwa zvakaita sematehwe, mhodzi nematehwe emuchero, muriwo nekugadzira nzungu.
Ko kana idzo nzizi dzemarara dzekurima dzichigona kuburitsa dzimwe nzira dzemakemikari anopfungaira uye kuita kuti kurima kuve nekubudirira, kunobatsira uye kusingatarisire zvakatipoteredza?
Pamwe vanogona. Vatsvakurudzi vepaYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Davis, vanokurudzirwa nemigumisiro yekutanga kubva mukuedza kwakabatana ne "biosolarization," nzira inobatanidza kupisa kwezuva nekugadzirisa kwevhu kuchengetedza sora nezvimwe zvipembenene zvinotakura ivhu.
"Zvinoratidzika kunge zvinovimbisa," akadaro purofesa wesainzi yechikafu uye tekinoroji, Christopher Simmons, ari kuyedza biosolarization nezvirimwa zvakasiyana uye kushanda nevarimi mudunhu rese. "Tichine basa rakawanda rekuita, asi biosolarization iri kuratidza kugona chaiko senzira yakachengeteka, inoenderera mberi yekudzora tumbuyu tichivandudza kunaka kwezvirimwa uye goho."
Kusimbisa simba rezuva
Vazhinji varimi vekuseri kwemba vanoziva simba re solarization. Paunoisa tarp yepurasitiki yakajeka pamusoro pevhu rakanyorova, unogona kuteya mwaranzi yezuva uye kupisa ivhu zvakakwana kuuraya sora nezvimwe zvipembenene zvinotakurwa nevhu. Inoshanda, asi inogona kutora mavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu, izvo zvinowanzorebesa kuti minda isarimwe.
Biosolarization inogona kukurumidza uye kugadzirisa maitiro. Simmons nechikwata chake vari kuwedzera zvigadziriso zvakaita sematehwe emuzambiringa nematomatisi kana nyuchi dzepasi kuvhu vasati vatema, izvo zvinosimudzira kukura kwebhakitiriya inobatsira. Tupukanana tunobatsira twunokwikwidzana netwupukanana uye twunoita kuti ivhu riwedzere kuva neacid uye risave nehanya nesora nezvimwe zvipembenene.
Pamwe chete, kupisa kwevhu uye kuita kwehutachiona kunogona kuderedza nguva yekurapa kwemazuva, kwete mavhiki.
"Uye nekuita hutachiona hunobatsira muvhu, biosolarization ine mukana wekuvandudza hutano hwevhu kwenguva refu," akatsanangura Simmons.
Kuedza pasi pemamiriro ekutengeserana
Mishonga yemakemikari inodhura, uye yakawanda yakaonekwa secarcinogenic nehurumende uye federal regulatory agency. Asi kana zvasvika pakuuraya zvipembenene zvinotakurwa nevhu, zvinoshanda zvakanyanya.
"Mafumigants ane biocidal yakawanda, zvichireva kuti anokanganisa tupukanana tunobatsira pamwe netumbuyu," akadaro Simmons. "Biosolarization inobvumira mamwe ma microorganisms asina ngozi uye anobatsira kuti arambe ari muvhu."
Asi kuitira kuti varimi vatore biosolarization seimwe nzira kune makemikari fumigants, kurapwa kunofanirwa kuve kunoshanda, kunofungidzirwa uye nehupfumi. Saka, timu iri kuyedza biosolarization nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa, zvigadziriso uye ivhu kurwisa tumbuyu hwakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana pamwero wekutengesa mudunhu rese.
“Tine ongororo yeminda iri kuitwa lettuce, matomatisi, mavise nezvirimwa zvakasiyana,” vakadaro VaSimmons. "Uye tine muyedzo wenguva refu, wemaeka gumi nemaarumondi mubindu remichero muChico."
KuChico, Simmons nechikwata chake vari kushanda pamwe nemurimi wemarumondi Rory Crowley kuNicolaus Nut Company nerutsigiro rwemari kubva kuAlmond Board yeCalifornia neWestern Center for Agricultural Health and Safety. Vave gore rimwe mukuedza kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu kuona kana masarira ekugadzira maarumondi nezuva zvichigona kusimbisa hutano hwevhu uye kuderedza sora nezvimwe zvipembenene zvinotakurwa nevhu. Kusvika ikozvino, Crowley akafadzwa.
"Zvave zvakanaka kune ivhu," Crowley akadaro. “Tichishandisa biosolarization nembeu yemasitadhi, takawedzera organic matter ne1.25% kusvika 1.75 percent, kusvetuka kukuru. Izvo zvakanakira kutorwa kwekabhoni uye hutano hwese hwevhu. "
Munguva pfupi yadarika kutaura kana kuvandudzwa kwevhu kuchizoshandura goho rakakura, asi Crowley anofunga kuti biosolarization inogona kuve chishandiso chakanaka chekugadzirisa tumbuyu uye kushandiswa kwakakosha kune zvingave marara ekurima.
"Tinofanirwa kutsvaga imba yezvigadzirwa zvemaarumondi, saka wadii kuona kana tichigona kuzvishandisa kuvandudza hutano hwevhu tichidzivirira tumbuyu?" Crowley anobvunza.
Miedzo inoenderera mberi
Simmons nechikwata chake vari kuyedza biosolarization pane akati wandei egore uye anovhara zvirimwa muminda yeUC Davis kambasi vachishandisa hova dzemarara ekurima kubva kumatomatisi nekugadzira waini. Nenguva isipi vachatanga bvunzo nemastrawberries, ayo anowanzo kurapwa nefumigants mwaka wega wega sezvo varimi vanodyara michero patsva.
Chinangwa cheSimmons: Kuona varimi kuti biosolarization inogona kushanda uye ine hupfumi pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana kurwisa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvipembenene.
"Tiri kuita nzvimbo yakakosha," akadaro. “Tinovimba kuti biosolarization inogona kubatsira varimi kudzosa chikafu nemarara muchirongwa chekurwisa tumbuyu pamwe nekusimudzira kurimwa kwezvirimwa.”
- Diane Nelson, UC Davis
Mufananidzo: MuChico, timu yeUC Davis iri kuyedza kana masara ekugadzira almond uye zuva zvinogona kuwedzera hutano hwevhu.