Zvigadzirwa zveBiological chishandiso chakakosha kune varimi vemiriwo uye zvakaratidza hunyanzvi mumagreenhouse ekumisa sora netsikidzi dzakaipa.
Asi indasitiri haina kugumira ipapo.
Vatungamiriri vanoti vari kutora nzvimbo mukurima kwepamusoro. Indasitiri yakatanga nekutsvaga makemikoro akapfava uye nzira dzebhayoloji dzekudzora tumbuyu nesora ikozvino ine biostimulants inosimudzira kukura kwezvirimwa. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotovavarira kuvandudza mhando yemuriwo uye hupenyu hwesherufu.
Zvimwe pamusika
"Zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro ndipo pazvakatangira zvirimwa zvakawanda," akadaro Keith Jones, director director we. Biological Products Industry Alliance (BPIA).
"Zvigadzirwa zvebiology zvakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya nevarimi vemichero nemiriwo."
BPIA inosimudzira kusimudzira kwakachengeteka uye inoshanda zvigadzirwa zvebhayoloji. Boka iri rakura kubva kumakambani mashanu ekutanga kusvika kunhengo dzinosvika zana nemakumi matatu dzinogadzira, kutengesa kana kugovera zvigadzirwa zvebiology.
Jones akati biologicals ikozvino inogadzira inenge 17 muzana yemusika wezvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvipembenene zvevarimi vemichero nemiriwo - uye chikamu chemusika chinoramba chichikura gore negore.
Kunyange zvikamu makumi maviri neshanu kubva muzana zvebiocontrols zvichishandiswa pazvirimwa zvemuvhu, akati ruzhinji rwave kushandiswa pazvirimwa zvakajairika.
"Kudiwa kwevatengi zvakare mutyairi weizvi," akadaro. “Vanhu izvozvi, vane hanya zvikuru nezviri kuitika pamazambiringa avo. Vanogona kunge vasina kufarira kwakadaro mune izvo zviri kushandiswa pakotoni yavo. Zvinhu zvavari kudya, pane kufarira kwakanyanya kune zviri kushandiswa pamhando idzi dzezvirimwa.
Asi kunyangwe zvigadzirwa zvebhayoloji hazvina kusunungurwa kubva kune zvese zvirau.
MuUS, EPA's Biopesticides uye Pollution Prevention Division mune yayo Hofisi Yezvirongwa zvePesticide inobata kunyoreswa kwezvipembenene zvipenyu zvinobata nebiochemical, microbial kana emerging technologies.
"Kufanana neindasitiri ipi neipi, ndine chokwadi chekuti kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakaderera kunze uko," Jones akadaro. Chigadzirwa chebiological chinorarama pamusika kwemakore akati wandei chinogona kunge chine kukosha kwakaratidza kune varimi, akadaro. Makambani ekutanga anonyorera kuve nhengo kuBPIA anofanirwa kubvumirana kutevedzera mitemo yehurumende yekunyoresa, uye kuita zvichemo zvesainzi mukushambadzira.
"Tiri kungotsvaga kambani kuti ive kambani iri pamutemo ine zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi ari pamutemo," akadaro Jones.
Microbials - zvigadzirwa zvine microorganism senge mabhakitiriya sechinhu chinoshanda - inoumba zvikamu makumi maviri neshanu muzana zveindasitiri parizvino asi chikamu chayo chiri kukura nekukurumidza. Biochemicals inoumba inenge 25 muzana, uye macro-organisms, zvakadai sezvipembenene zvinobatsira, zvinoumba zvakasara, Jones akati.
Kupfuura biocontrols
The 2018 Farm Farm yaiva netsanangudzo yekutanga yepamutemo yebiostimulants se "chinhu kana chidiki-chipenyu icho, kana chaiswa mbeu, zvirimwa, kana rhizosphere, chinomutsa maitiro echisikigo kuwedzera kana kubatsira kutora zvinovaka muviri, kushanda nesimba, kushivirira kune abiotic kusagadzikana, kana mhando yechirimwa uye goho.”
Mimwe mienzaniso maamino acids, microbials, kana zvirimwa zvinotorwa zvinotengeswa kubatsira chirimwa kukura. Nepo nzira yekuenda kumusika isati yatsanangurwa zviri pamutemo, BPIA yanga ichikurudzira chirongwa chemavara chinozivisa mabiostimulants echokwadi.
Zvakadaro zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvebiological zviri kutarisisa mukuvandudza mhando yemuchero uye hupenyu hwesherufu.
Semuenzaniso, tarisa dambudziko rekare reganda rakatsemuka pamadomasi. PaMid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention, varimi vakateerera hurukuro yakaitwa Steven Bogash, mudzidzisi wePenn State Extension akarega basa iye zvino ari kushanda kuMarrone Bio Innovations.
"Izvi ndizvo zvinokonzera kutsemuka: Mukati uri kukura nekukurumidza kupfuura izvo ganda rinogona kubata," akadaro.
Mazuva ane hunyoro hwepamusoro ane ganda rakagadzika rinogona kutsemura madomasi akavhurika. Ndiko hosha huru yevarimi vematomatisi, yavanowanzo edza kuimisa nekuisa calcium nemanganese paganda rine hutano. Asi nyowani gore rino haisi imwe chete, asi maviri matsva-akaiswa zvigadzirwa zvefoliar.
Marrone Bio ine chigadzirwa chakadaro, chinonzi Haven, chakagadzirwa nekokonati mafuta, inokurudzira kufema uye inodzivirira kubva kuzuva. Imwe kambani, BioBest, ine chigadzirwa chinonzi Bluestim, chakagadzirwa kubva ku glycine betaine kubva kushuga beet, iyo inoshanda seye osmosis regulator, kuve nechokwadi chekutonga kuri nani kwemvura uye zvinovaka muviri.
"Kana iwe uine mvura yakawandisa mukati uye inogona kufamba kunze zviri nyore, uchawana kushomeka," Bogash akadaro. "Zvishandiso izvi zvine vimbiso yekushandura nzira yatinorasikirwa nayo giredhi pamadomasi, nekuti, tarisana nazvo: Nhamba yekutanga nzira yaunotora matomatisi Nha.
Bluestim Chigadzirwa Maneja Veronica Cervantes akati chigadzirwa chakanyoreswa se organic chirimwa kugadzirisa. Inoshandiswa mavhiki matatu-3 kune michero midiki inogona kudzivirira kuputika uye inoshandiswawo kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu hwematomatisi.
“Tinoashandisa kubatsira chirimwa ichi kubata nengarava,” vakadaro. “Unenge uchidzivirira muchero wacho.”
Zvigadzirwa zvebhayoloji zviri kuwedzera kuwanikwa kune twumbuyu nezvinetso zvakasiyana.
"Hapana 'saizi imwe inokodzera zvese' chirongwa sezvo mamiriro uye kudzvanywa kwezvipembenene kuchichinja nguva nenguva mumwaka wega wega," Bogash akanyora mupepeti yechikamu chedzidzo chakasiyana, ichi chekudzora tupukanana mudzimba. "Zvisinei, huwandu hwematurusi ekugadzirisa zvipembenene mubhokisi redu rekushandisa rebiocontrol hwakura zvekuti vanogona kudzora tupukanana."
- Stephen Kloosterman, shamwari mupepeti