Plastic mulch inobatsira kudzora sora, kuchengetedza hunyoro uye nekumhanyisa kudziya kwevhu - kutaura zvishoma zvakanakira - asi biodegradable plastiki mulch inopa izvo uye zvinogona kutonyanya.
"Plastiki mulch chishandiso chakajairika kuUS nepasirese, asi ndedzipi dzimwe nzira dzepurasitiki mulch uye chii chingaite mulch kuvhu rako?" akabvunza Carol Miles, purofesa wemuriwo wemuriwo paWashington State University (WSU). Miles aive mutauri paGreat Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market EXPO ichangoburwa muGrand Rapids, Michigan.
Varimi vazhinji vanozeza kutora biodegradable mulches epurasitiki nekuda kwekunetsekana pamusoro pekusava nechokwadi, njodzi uye aesthetics.
WSU iri kupedza gore rechina reongororo yekuongorora biodegradable plastic mulch. Kana ichiita sezvinoratidzwa, mulch inoparadza zvachose pasina kukuvadza kune ivhu kana nharaunda uye inopa mabhenefiti akaenzana nepolyethylene mulch. Biodegradable plastic mulch ine mutengo wakaderera wevashandi nekuti haifanirwe kubviswa uye kuraswa pakupera kwemwaka - yakakosha kutariswa nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakakwira.
"Iwe unozvigadzirira mukupera kwemwaka," Miles akadaro. "Mukana wakakura weiyo biodegradable mulch yepurasitiki inochengetedza pabasa."
WSU iri kuongorora biodegradable mulches epurasitiki paMount Vernon, Washington, uye neYunivhesiti yeTennessee kuKnoxville, Tennessee. Kushanda munzvimbo mbiri kwakatoona mwero wekuparara kwemulch - kuyerwa sechikamu chekufumurwa kwevhu (PSE) kuburikidza nemwaka - yakasiyana zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye inosiyana negore. Kazhinji, tarisira kukurumidza kuparara mumakore ane hunyoro hwakawanda uye tembiricha yakakwira.
PaKnoxville mu2016, zvigadzirwa zvose zvakabata zvakanaka nepamusoro pe20 muzana yePSE musi waSept.
PaGomo reVernon, neWashington inotonhorera tembiricha, iyo biodegradable zvigadzirwa zvakasimudza zvakanyanya mu2016 nePSEs zvakatenderedza 5 muzana paSept. 1. Muna 2015, chigadzirwa chimwe chete chebiodegradable chakaparara uye chaive nePSE kusvika kunosvika 60 muzana neSept. 1, asi izvi zvaive nekuti chigadzirwa chakapetwa nepakati nemugadziri, uye kupeta kwaive kusasimba kwakakonzera kuparara nekukurumidza.
Nzvimbo inokosha
"Nzvimbo yacho, kwete zvirimwa, inosarudza huwandu hwekuparara," akadaro Miles. “Unoda kuti uongorore zvinhu izvi papurazi rako kuti uone kuti ndezvipi zvezvigadzirwa izvi zvinoshanda kwauri. Kuve nevhu rakakwana muhurefu hwemwaka wekukura kwakakosha pakudzora sora. "
Mhedzisiro yakasimba pakuenzaniswa kwekudzivirira sora zvaive zvakaoma kuwana. "Paive nemhinduro yakasanganiswa pakurwisa sora nekuti kudzvanywa kwesora kwakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana," akadaro Miles. "Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa kudzora sora pane kungoita mulch."
Goho ishoko rinoenderana. "Saiti iyi ndiyo ichanyatso kuona goho," akadaro Miles. "Yese matema epurasitiki anoodzereka aive negoho rakafanana nedema, polyethylene mulch."
WSU yanga ichiedza zvigadzirwa BioAgri, Exp.PLA/PHA (firimu rekuedza), Naturecycle, Organix (dema), Organix Clr (yakajeka), yakajairwa polyethylene uye WeedGuardPlus.
Zvigadzirwa zvinosiyana mune yavo bio-based percentage. BioAgri ndeye 20 kusvika 25 muzana bio-based, Exp.PLA/PHA ine 86 muzana bio-based
uye Naturecycle yakaenzana kana yakakura kupfuura 20 muzana bio-yakavakirwa. Organix uye Organix Clr vane gumi muzana bio-yakavakirwa nepo polyethylene isingasviki chikamu chimwe kubva muzana bio-based uye WeedGuardPlus izana muzana bio-yakavakirwa. WeedGuardPlus ipepa, 10 muzana biodegradable, uye inotenderwa kushandiswa mune yakasimbiswa organic kugadzirwa.
Iyo muzana yebio-yakavakirwa kuumbwa haisi iyo inotarisisa mumhando yechigadzirwa kana nguva yekuora nekuti mavhu anogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakawanda.
Biodegradable mapurasitiki anogona kutorwa kubva kuchibage starch kana imwe mbesa starch kana kubva kuviriswa kwebhakitiriya kweshuga dzezvirimwa kana lipids. Iyo biodegradable polymers inogona zvakare kugadzirwa kubva mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine ester zvisungo izvo zviri nyore kuputswa nema microorganisms, chiedza chezuva uye mvura.
Mamiriro ekunamira
Biodegradable plastic mulch ine mukurumbira wekunamatira kune inorema muchero uye kukonzera matambudziko nekuonekwa kunoonekwa.
Chidzidzo cheWSU chakashandisa manhanga mumiyedzo kuongorora dambudziko iri.
Dambudziko rakazobuda mhata ikaita kunamira pamanhanga. Muchidzidzo chitsva, Miles akawana zvidimbu zvemulch zvinogona kudzimwa kubva pamuchero kana muchero waive wakanyorova zvishoma kana wanhongwa nekuda kwekunyorova, dova kana kudiridza uye muchero wacho wakabva wapusika ipapo. "Kana uine chigadzirwa chegiredhi chekudya chiri kubuda mumunda wako, hausi kuzoda kutora nguva yekuyedza kuchigeza," akadaro Miles. "Fungisisa biodegradable mulch epurasitiki nekungwarira kana uri mumamiriro ezvinhu aya."
WeedGuardPlus muchidzidzo chacho yakawanikwa iine kutonhora kwevhu, iyo yakave nemigumisiro yakaipa mumamiriro ekunze anotonhorera eWashington. Munzvimbo dzinodziya dzenyika, kutonhora kwacho kunogona kuva kwakanaka.
WeedGuardPlus zvakare yaive nekwaniso yekudzora yero nutsedge. "Yaidzora yellow nutsedge gore rega rega mukutongwa,"
Miles akadaro. “Tinoona izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kuvarimi vane dambudziko iri. Hakuna mishonga yesora inonzi postemergence herbicides yakanyorwa kuti manhanga saka kubvisa sora inyaya chaiyo.”
Kudzikira vs
Paunenge uchiongorora biodegradable mulches, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mutsauko uripo pakati pekuora uye kuderera.
Degradation ndiko kuora chaiko.
Kuparara ndiko kukuvadzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kana kubvarura nemisodzi kubva pakubata zvisina kunaka.
"Kana mulch ikakweverwa zvakanyanya pamusoro pechirimwa inoita kubvaruka," akadaro Miles. "Kiyi ndeyekudzikisa kusawirirana pane yako mulch."
Mazano ekuunganidza nekuyera zvimedu zvemulch kubva muvhu - kuongorora kuti chigadzirwa chinoshanda sei kwauri - anowanikwa pawww.biodegradablemulch.org. Nzvimbo iyi mubatanidzwa weYunivhesiti yeTennessee, WSU uye Montana State University.
"Iwe unofanirwa kuita hunyanzvi hwako paunenge uchitora uye kuyera aya masampuli," akadaro Miles. "Mulch achaita zvakasiyana panzvimbo yega yega."
Oxo- kana mafoto-anoora epurasitiki mulch inyaya yakakomba munhaurirano dze biodegradable plastic mulch.
"Iri kutengeswa sepurasitiki inogona kuparara uye haisi," Miles akadaro. “Chauchaguma nacho iplastic tsvina mumunda mako. Haizoora uye ichange iripo kwemakore mazana matatu senge polyethylene mulch. Iwe haugone kuzvinhonga; inongoparara.”
Gwaro rekutungamira pane oxo- kana photodegradable plastic mulch rinowanikwa pawww.biodegradablemulch.org.
– Dean Peterson, VGN Mutori wenhau
Pamusoro: Vatsvakurudzi vanoisa mulch paBoxx Berry Farm muFerndale, Washington, uko vatsvakurudzi veWashington State University vari kudzidza mulch inogona kuora. Mufananidzo: Washington State University