Sezvo kurima kwave kufambira mberi, kuchine kudiwa kukuru kwenzira dzisingaparadzi dze "kuona" muvhu. Dhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) yakapa madhora mamiriyoni mana nemazana matanhatu emadhora kuLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) yezvirongwa zviviri zvekugadzirisa gaka iri, zvichipa varimi ruzivo rwakakosha kuti vawedzere goho vachikurudzirawo kuchengetwa kwecarbon muvhu.
Imwe purojekiti ine chinangwa chekushandisa magetsi kufananidzira midzi yemidzi, iyo inomhanyisa kuberekesa zvirimwa zvine midzi inorongedzerwa kune chaiwo mamiriro (sekusanaya kwemvura). Imwe purojekiti ichagadzira nzira itsva yekufungidzira yakavakirwa pakuparadzira neutron kuyera kugoverwa kwecarbon nezvimwe zvinhu muvhu.
Berkeley Lab yakagamuchira mibairo iyi yemakwikwi kubva kuARPA-E's Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) chirongwa, iyo inotsvaga kuvandudza zvirimwa zvinotora kabhoni kubva mumhepo uye kuichengeta muvhu - zvichiita kuti 50 muzana iwedzere kudzika kwekabhoni deposition uye kuunganidzwa ukuwo ichideredza kubudiswa kwenitrous oxide ne50 muzana uye kuwedzera mvura inogadzirwa ne25 muzana.
Ivhu kabhoni deficits chiitiko chepasi rose chinobva mumakumi emakore akawanda ekurima kwemaindasitiri. Ivhu rinokwanisa kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakura hwekabhoni, ichidzikisa huwandu hwekabhoni dhaikisaidhi mumhepo uye ichiwedzera kubereka kwevhu uye kuchengetedza mvura.
EEG yezvirimwa
Kuvandudzwa kweiyo Tomographic Electrical Rhizosphere Imaging (TERI) tekinoroji, iyo yakapihwa $2.3 miriyoni neARPA-E, inotungamirwa naBerkeley Lab geophysicist Yuxin Wu, zvakare muClimate & Ecosystem Sciences Division. "Unogona kufunga nezvazvo sekufungidzira kwehuropi, kana EEG, uko maelectrode akaiswa mumusoro mako anogona kurekodha maitiro ehuropi," akadaro Wu. "Tekinoroji nyowani ichaita seEEG yezvirimwa."
Nekutumira diki magetsi mukati mehunde, iyo inozofamba mukati memidzi yemidzi, TERI ichaona mhinduro yemagetsi yemidzi uye ivhu uye inopa ruzivo pamusoro pemidzi, nzvimbo, kudzika, uye kugovera muvhu, pamwe chete data pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwevhu uye hunyoro hwemukati uye kuti izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanduka sei nekufamba kwenguva.
Kusiyana neizvi, nzira yakajairika yekudzidza midzi yemidziyo, iyo inoenda ne moniker "shovelomics," inosanganisira kwete zvakawanda kupfuura foshoro uye bhakiti remvura pamberi pekuongororwa kwemidzi murabhoritari. "Iyo inzira yekushanda zvakanyanya uye yakaderera-yekuita kuratidza midzi," Wu akadaro. “Uye wangochera mudzi, wapedza. Iwe haugone kutarisa shanduko nekufamba kwenguva. "
Wu atanga kuyedzwa kwekutanga mulabhu. Gare gare achaita field testing nezvirimwa zvegorosi achibatsirana nazvo Iyo Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation. Yakavakirwa muArdmore, Oklahoma, iyo Noble Foundation ndiyo hombe yakazvimiririra yekutsvagisa zvekurima muUS ine anopfuura 13,500 mahekita eminda yekurima inoita tsvakiridzo yekugonesa varimi nevapfuri kuti vawedzere goho redunhu uye utariri hwevhu.
Wu nechikwata chake vari kubatana zvakare neSubsurface Insights, bhizinesi diki rinotarisa mukuvandudza software ye geophysical application.
Chinangwa chepurojekiti ndechekugadzira chizvarwa chinotevera midzi phenotyping tekinoroji yakabatanidzwa ne ecosystem modelling kuti ikurumidze kuuchika kwembeu dzakanangana nemidzi ine humwe hunhu; semuenzaniso, kusimba kwemamiriro ekunze kuri nani uye kushivirira kuri nani kwemvura yakaderera uye mamiriro efetireza yakaderera. Pakupedzisira, chishandiso chinogona kubatsira kuwedzera goho uchiwedzera kabhoni muvhu.
Kubva kumanyuturoni kuenda kuma gamma rays kusvika pakuona kabhoni
Muchirongwa chechipiri, chakapihwawo mamiriyoni maviri nemazana matatu emadhora, Berkeley Lab nyanzvi dzefizikisi inotungamirwa naArun Persaud Accelerator Technology & Applied Physics (ATAP) Division ichavaka chimbo chekuongorora makemikari evhu, pasina kuivhiringidza, nenzira yekuparadzira inelastic neutron. "Jenareta ichatumira manyuturoni muvhu," Persaud akadaro. “Neutron imwe neimwe inogona kuita nemaatomu ari muvhu uye kubudisa gamma ray, yatinogona kuona pamusoro pevhu negamma detector. Zvadaro tinoyera simba re gamma, uye kubva pane izvozvo unogona kuziva kuti iatomu rudzii; kabhoni kana iron kana aluminium, semuenzaniso.
Tekinoroji yakafanana parizvino inoshandiswa mukuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika, sekuona zvinoputika uye zvimwe zvinhu mukutakura, uye inzvimbo yakareba yekutsvagisa kuBerkeley Lab.
"Tekinoroji iyi haizokwanisa kuyera chete kuti yakawanda sei kabhoni muvhu asiwo kuita izvi nekugadziriswa kwenzvimbo kwemasendimita mashoma," akadaro Wim Leemans, director weATAP.
ersaud akati kusiyana nemichina yemazuva ano yekuongorora zvimiro zvevhu, nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa mumunda uye inogona kuyera kuchinja kwenzvimbo nenguva pasina kukanganisa ivhu. Nzira dzakajairwa ikozvino dzinosanganisira kuchera ivhu cores uye kuita makemikari ongororo paari kumashure murabhoritari, izvo zvisingatenderi kudzokorora kuyerwa kwevhu rimwe chete uye hazvishande munzvimbo dzakakura.
Pamwe chete neTAP nyanzvi yefizikisi Bernhard Ludewigt, Persaud achashanda neAdelphi Technology Inc. kugadzira jenareta reneutron. Sitimu inozobuda inogona kupedzisira yatora chimiro chemudziyo unotakurika unotora zviyero mu situ mumunda wemurimi.
- Julie Chao, Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia
Kunobva: Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia