Matikitivha ezvirimwa uye mainjiniya kubva kuYunivhesiti yeFlorida vari kushandisa hungwaru hwekunyepedzera kutsvaga chirwere nekukurumidza kuitira kuti varimi vanogadzira squash yezhizha vachengetedze. Kukurumidza kuonekwa kunopa varimi mukana wekurwira pachirimwa chiri nani.
Zhizha nechando squash inorimwa mune zvekutengesa mudunhu rese, kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweFlorida. Muna 2019, varimi veFlorida vakakohwa 7,700 mahekita esquash, ine mutengo wekugadzira wemadhora mazana matatu nemazana mana emamiriyoni, sekureva kweUSDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Asi chirwere che powdery mildew, chinowanikwa pasi rose, chinogona kuderedza goho.
"Nzvimbo yakanakira kuti powdery mildew iparadze mamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro, kudyara kwakanyanya uye mumvuri," akadaro Yiannis Ampatzidis, mubatsiri weUF/IFAS purofesa wezvekurima uye biological engineering uye munyori-mubatanidzwa wesangano. chidzidzo chitsva chekutanga kuona kwehupfu, yakabudiswa mupepanhau Biosystems Engineering.
Pachidzidzo ichi, vaongorori veUF/IFAS vakashandisa hurongwa hwekunzwa hwakanamirwa kune drones kuunganidza spectral data yepowdery mildew pane squash yezhizha muminda nemalabhu eUF/IFAS Southwest Florida Research and Education Center.
Vatsvakurudzi veUF / IFAS vakashandisa teknolojia iyo isingavimbi nezviratidzo zvekuona kuti ione powdery mildew, Ampatzidis akati. Meso evanhu anogona kuona chete chikamu chechiedza che electromagnetic spectrum. Iyi tekinoroji inogona "kuona" zvimwe. Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa chidzidzo ichi kuti vaone mafungu akanakisa ekutanga kuona powdery mildew - pamashizha angave asina zviratidzo kana kuratidza zviratidzo zvepakutanga.
Vatsvagiri vakashandisa kudzidza muchina - chikamu chehungwaru hwekugadzira - chinogona "kudzidza" kubva kune spectral data kuona powdery mildew. Iyo data yakabva kune drones uye pasi-based sensing system. Iyo yakadzidziswa muchina-yekudzidza modhi yakaratidza powdery mildew mumatanho akasiyana ekukura kwechirwere, Ampatzidis akadaro. Iyo muchina-yekudzidza sisitimu inovaka modhi yemasvomhu yekuona powdery mildew pasina kurongwa nemunhu kutevera matanho chaiwo.
Nemifananidzo uye spectral reflectance analysis ye squash mashizha, masayendisiti akaona powdery inenge 95% yenguva. Kutaura zvazviri, kunyange pasina zviratidzo zvinooneka zvechirwere, teknolojia yakaratidza vatsvakurudzi chirwere 82% kusvika 89% yenguva.
"Zvakakosha kuti tizive huturu kutanga, sezvo chirwere ichi chichipararira nekukurumidza uye maronda achiwedzera kukura, kugadzira guruva chena kana grey coating," akadaro Ampatzidis, chipangamazano wefekisheni kuna Jaafar Abdulridha, UF / IFAS post-doctoral muongorori akatungamira. chidzidzo chacho.
Pamela Roberts, purofesa weUF/IFAS chirimwa pathology, anoda data kubva kune mainjiniya vakaita seAmpatzidis, kuti vamubatsire kuwana zvirwere mumatanho ekutanga. Anozvienzanisa nekuonekwa kwekutanga kwezvirwere zvevanhu.
"Kuona kwekutanga kwedambudziko ripi zvaro rehutano, ringave mumunhu kana zvirimwa, zvinopa mukana wakanakisa wekudzora kuburikidza nekupindira kwekutanga," akadaro Roberts, munyori-mubatanidzwa wechidzidzo. "Saizvozvowo, zvirwere zvezvirimwa zvinodzorwa nyore nyore kana huwandu hwepathogen hwakaderera, zvichienzaniswa nevekupedzisira mudenda."
"Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji iyi inogona kudzikisira kushandiswa kwemakemikari ekupfapfaidza, nekubvisa maapplication anogona kuitwa kusati kwave nechirwere chekudzora," akadaro. "Sezvo powdery mildew iri dambudziko risingaperi pane squash kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweFlorida, inongova mubvunzo wekuti, kwete kana, chirwere chichaonekwa. Nguva chaiyo yemafungicides, ingave mukurima kwakajairika kana organic, inogona kuwedzera kushanda kwechigadzirwa uye kuderedza kurasikirwa. ”
Chiratidzo chikuru chepowdery mildew mavara machena kana zvigamba, kazhinji pamashizha. Kuongorora powdery mildew mumatanho ekutanga ehutachiona kwakaoma nekuda kwezviratidzo zvepazasi, mashizha akakura anowanzovharwa nemamwe mashizha.
"Muchidimbu, chirwere chinogona kushandura mashizha emashizha uye kukanganisa kuwanda kwechiedza chinoratidzwa kubva kumashizha munzvimbo dziri kunze kwechimiro chinooneka, icho vanhu vasingagoni kuona," akadaro Ampatzidis.
- Brad Buck, Yunivhesiti yeFlorida