Kuti uwane goho rakapfuma, varimi nevarimi vebindu vanofanirwa kuchengetedza zvirimwa kubva pakurwisa zvipembenene zvinogara zvichikanganisa huwandu hwayo uye kuwedzera kunaka. Kurasikirwa kubva pamigumisiro yezvipembenene zvinogona kusvika kusvika kune chikamu chechina chezvirimwa, uye mune dzimwe nguva zvinotungamirira kukuparadzwa kwayo zvachose. Nyanzvi dzebazi reKrasnoyarsk reRosselkhoznadzor vakagadzirira mazano ekuti ungakura sei goho rakanaka.
Kuwana goho rakakwirira kunogona kuvimbiswa neyakadzama yekudzivirira chirimwa uchishandisa agrotechnical, mechanical, makemikari uye biological nzira dzezvipembenene nezvirwere.
Iyo agrotechnical nzira ndeimwe yenzira dzepasi rose dzekuwedzera goho, rinosanganisira kunyanya mukudzivirira kutaridzika kwezvipembenene nezvirwere. Maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwemiti, inzira inobatsira yekudzivirira zvirwere zvebhakitiriya uye fungal. Yese nzira dzeagrotechnical dzinoshandiswa dzinogona kuratidzirwa sehunyanzvi hwakasiyana hwekugadzira mamiriro akakwana ekuvandudzwa kwezvirimwa zvakarimwa uye kuparadzwa kwemasora uye zvipembenene. Nguva yekudyara zvirimwa munzvimbo yakavhurika yakakosha zvikuru pakurwisa zvipembenene. Kuchengetwa kwenguva yakakodzera kwezvirimwa, kunyanya kusakura, kusunungura ivhu, kubviswa kwemarara emiti, kubereka kunowedzera kupikisa kwemiti kune zvipembenene. Kushandura tsika dzakakura munzvimbo imwe chete kunodzivirira kuunganidza kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza, kunyanya izvo zvinoramba zvichisara mumasara emiti.
Izvo zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze kuti izvi kana iyo agrotechnical nzira ichakanganisa sei kukohwa, kana uchironga basa remumunda, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchifunga nezve emo peculiarities.
The mechanical method inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima zvirimwa zvemiriwo pamapuranga emhuri uye inosanganisira zvakananga mukuunganidza uye kuparadzwa kwemazai, mhute, zvipembenene zvevanhu vakuru. Kuti uwane goho rakanaka, zvakakosha zvikuru kuparadza mazai evha yefishfish uye scoops munguva, yekutanga matsutso makoloni ehove.
The makemikari nzira inoshandiswa munyaya iyo mari yakasara isina kuunza mhedzisiro yaidiwa kana zvipembenene zvakapararira munzvimbo yese.
Pane mapoka akasiyana emakemikari ekudzivirira zvigadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvavanoshandiswa nazvo:
- Insecticides - gadziriro dzakagadzirirwa kuparadzwa kwezvipembenene;
Zvinoenderana nemaitiro echiito, mishonga yezvipembenene yakakamurwa kuita mapoka mana:
1.1. Bata zvipembenene - paradza zvipembenene chete zvakanangana nepest. Ndokunge, kana wakashandisa mushonga wakadaro pedyo nedendere rewasp riri muattic, saka haugone kutya kuti mukoko une nyuchi uchatambura.
1.2. Intestinal intestinal intestinal - pinda mumuviri wetumbuyu pamwe chete nechikafu uye chepfu. Sezvo mutemo, mishonga yakadaro inoshandiswa mukurwisa zvipembenene.
1.3. Systemic insecticides inopinda mumidzi uye yakawanda yemiti yemiti, ichiparadza zvipembenene zvinogara imomo. Kazhinji ivo vane zvinhu zvine mwero wehupfu.
1.4. Mafumigants ane gasi fomu uye anoita kuburikidza nekufema nhengo dzezvipembenene, nokudaro zvinobudirira kurwisana navo.
Kunewo mishonga yekusarudza chiito, inobata chete mamwe marudzi ezvipembenene, pasina kukanganisa zvipembenene zvisingakuvadzi.
Pakati pavo pane:
a. Acaricides - zvinodhaka zvekuparadza zvikwekwe;
b. Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvakawanda uye mite, kuparadzwa kwayo kunoda nzira yakakosha uye zvinhu zvinoshanda;
c. Acycides mishonga inouraya zvipembenene kubva kumaaphid chete;
G. Larvicides - boka rezvipembenene zvinouraya makonye nemakonye ezvipembenene;
d. Ovicides - vamiririri vanobata mazai ezvipembenene nemakiti;
- Fungicides - mishonga inodiwa kurwisa hutachiona hwehutachiona uye fungal.
Zvichienderana nechiito pane pathogen, ivo vakakamurwa kuva:
2.1. Kudzivirira, kana kudzivirira (kudzivirira utachiona hwechirimwa);
2.2. Kurapa, kana kupera (kukonzera kufa kwefungi mushure mekutapukirwa kwechirimwa). - Mishonga yesora - mishonga inoshandiswa kurwisa sora.
Zvinoenderana nechimiro chechiito pazvirimwa, pane:
3.1. Mishonga yesora yekuenderera mberi - inouraya marudzi ese emiti.
3.2. Mishonga yemishonga yekusarudza chiito - inoparadza mamwe marudzi emiti uye usaite pane vamwe. Mishonga iyi inowanzoshandiswa mubindu kudzora sora.
Parizvino, varimi vazhinji nevarimi vakawedzera zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemakemikari, sezvo kukurumidza kuitika kwemishonga iyi kunokonzera muedzo wekuishandisa. Nekudaro, nekemikari nzira yekudzora zvipembenene, zvinodikanwa kuti ucherechedze matanho ekuchengetedza, shandisa PPE, uye uteedzere mirairo yemushonga unoshandiswa chaizvo. Izvo zvinodiwawo kuve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chakashandiswa chakagoverwa zvakaenzana. Kusagadzikana kurapwa kwemiti nemakemikari ekugadzirira kunotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti hazvisi zvose zvipembenene zvinoparadzwa, mamiriro ezvinhu anosikirwa kuti agare kune mushonga uyu uye kuumbwa kwezvipembenene zvinodzivirira zvipembenene. Mukuwedzera, kana muyero wekugadzirwa kwemakemikari anoshandiswa kudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere zvisingaonekwi, chiyero chezvinhu zvinokuvadza kuvanhu muvhu, uye, maererano naizvozvo, zvokudya kubva mubindu, zvinogona kusvika pamuganhu wakaoma.