Isu tinokuudza kuti chikamu chebasa revagari vekune dzimwe nyika che2023 ndechipi uye chinoshanda kunaani.
Iyo NPA inogadza quotas yebasa revatorwa
Russia, sedzimwe nyika, iri kuita kumwe kuedza kuchengetedza musika wevashandi wenyika. Pakati pazvo pane kurambidzwa kupinza vashandi vekunze mabasa kuburikidza nekuunza quotas dzekukwezva vashandi vekunze kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Mukati memiganhu yavo, vashandirwi vanopihwa mvumo yekukwezva vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, uye vanotama - mvumo yekushanda. (Zvinyorwa 18, 18.1 115-FZ).
Hazvibviri kukwezva vhiza vatorwa pasina magwaro akadaro (Chinyorwa 13 115-FZ). Zvikasadaro, faindi haigone kudziviswa.
Ndiani asina kuvharwa neakatemerwa quotas
Mamwe mapoka ane kodzero yekushanda kunze kwezvirambidzo.
Pakati pavo:
- yakasvika pasina visa. Hazvisi zvakaoma kune mushandirwi kuti aone kuti ndevapi vashandi vekune dzimwe nyika vanobva kune dzimwe nyika dzisingashandisi - zvakakosha kuti udzidze mazita ehurumende dzine vagari vasingadi visa kuti vagare muRussian Federation. Chekutanga, idzi inhengo dzeEAEU;
- kuva neRVP kana mvumo yekugara;
- nyanzvi dzakanyatsokwanisa;
- vapoteri uye vanotama kwenguva pfupi;
- vatori vechikamu chechirongwa chekugariswa patsva kwevekugarisana;
- vadzidzi vanodzidza muRussian Federation;
- nhengo dzezvikwata zvekugadzira panguva yekushanya kwemazuva anosvika makumi matatu.
Mukuwedzera, zvipingamupinyi hazvishandisi kubatanidzwa kwevatorwa vekune dzimwe nyika - nyanzvi dzinoshandiswa mune unyanzvi kubva pakurongwa kwakagadzwa neDare reBasa reBasa reRussian Federation rakanyorwa 02/14/2022 No. 58n. Iko hakuna quotas yekukwezva vashandi vekunze vehunyanzvi uhu.
Nzira yekuwana sei quota
Kudiwa kwekushanda kune dzimwe nyika kunosimbiswa nenzira inotsanangurwa neMutemo weBasa reBasa reRussian Federation No. 27n ye23.01.2014. Zvichibva pazviri, iyo algorithm yekuti ungawana sei quota yevashandi vekunze ye2023 inotaridzika seizvi:
- Vashandirwi vechinyorwa cheFederation vanoendesa zvikumbiro kuboka rine mvumo (kazhinji Employment Center kana Dhipatimendi reVashandi) zvichiratidza huwandu hwenyanzvi dzinodiwa nenzira yakatemwa neodha (bepa kana zvemagetsi, nerubatsiro rweAIC Migration quotas). Kana sangano richida kuwana quotas dzebasa kune vekunze muna 2023 kumatunhu akati wandei, chikumbiro chinotumirwa mune imwe neimwe yadzo.
- Komisheni Yekukwezva Vanotama inodzidza zvikumbiro uye inoumba kudikanwa kwakabatanidzwa kwedunhu kune vashandi vekunze neindasitiri uye nehunyanzvi.
- Bazi reVashandi, richibva pane zvakabuda pakudzidza zvikumbiro zvemudunhu, rinotara mugove weRussia yose maererano nenhamba. Hurumende inoigadzirisa nechisarudzo chakakodzera.
- Pahwaro hwezvikumbiro kubva kumatunhu, quotas dzinogoverwa uye magwaro akakodzera anoumbwa.
Maitiro akadai sekuwana quota yevashandi vekune dzimwe nyika ye2023 inowanzotangwa pachine nguva. Asi kana vasina nguva, zvakanaka, nhamba yemvumo yakabudiswa inogadziriswa chero nguva, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvezvidzidzo zveFederation. Kana paine shanduko, Bazi rezvevashandi rinopa mirairo yakakodzera.
Masangano anowanzo nyorera mvumo yekuhaya IG, asi munhu muzvinabhizimusi asina vashandi anogona kukwezva vashandi vekunze zvichienderana nechikamu? Mhinduro inopiwa neChinyorwa 13 115-FZ. Vashandirwi vevanotamira kune dzimwe nyika masangano epamutemo uye vanhu, kusanganisira vagari (vese veRussian Federation nedzimwe nyika) vakanyoreswa sevaridzi vega.
Ndeapi ma quotas akagadzirirwa 2023
NeChirevo cheHurumende yeRussian Federation No. 2171 yakaitwa 30.11.2022, quotas yebasa revanhu vekune dzimwe nyika ye2023 yemapoka ekutanga ezvidzidzo zveunyanzvi zvakagamuchirwa. Pave nekudzikiswa kwezvinodiwa, zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, 2022, uye kumisikidzwa kwayo muhukuru hunotevera:
kukokwa kupinda muRussian Federation - 123 943 pcs.;
mvumo yebasa - 123 943 pcs.
Rangarira kuti gore rapfuura, 2022, kudiwa kwaive:
kukokwa kupinda muRussian Federation - 124 007 pcs.;
mvumo yebasa - 124 007 pcs.
Kudiwa kwebasa muhupo hwemamiriro ezvinhu anokosha uye maererano nezvikumbiro zvematunhu zvinogona kugadziriswa chero nguva.
The Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation No. 777n dated 12.12.2022 inotsanangura kuti nhamba yose ye quotas ye2023 inogoverwa sei pakati pematunhu eRussia Federation.
Munzvimbo dzipi munobvumirwa vatorwa kushanda
Hurumende yeRussian Federation inoganhura chikamu chevashandi vekune dzimwe nyika mune mamwe mabasa. Kwegore razvino, zvirambidzo zvinotsanangurwa neHurumende Decree No. 1751 ye03.10.2022. Maererano nazvo, chikamu chinotenderwa chevashandi vekunze kwe2023 neindasitiri ndeichi:
- kukura miriwo (code 01.13.1) - muhuwandu hwe50%;
- masango uye matanda (code 02) - muhuwandu hwe50%;
- kugadzirwa kwehuni nekugadzirwa kwehuni uye cork zvigadzirwa, kunze kwefenicha, kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemashanga uye zvinhu zvekuruka (code 16) - muhuwandu hwe50%;
- kuvaka (chikamu F) - muhuwandu hwe80%;
- kutengeswa kwehuni yakasvibirira zvinhu uye matanda asina kushandiswa (code 46.73.1) - muhuwandu hwe50%;
- kutengeswa kwematanda akawanda (code 46.73.2) - muhuwandu hwe50%;
- kutengeswa kwekutengesa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, kusanganisira doro, muzvitoro zvakakosha (code 47.25.1) - muhuwandu hwe15%;
- kutengeswa kwekutengesa kwezvigadzirwa zvefodya muzvitoro zvakakosha (code 47.26) - muhuwandu hwe15%;
- kutengeswa kwemishonga muzvitoro zvakakosha (pharmacy) (code 47.73) - muhuwandu hwe0%;
- kutengeserana kwekutengesa mune zvisiri-zvakamira zvekutengesa zvivakwa uye misika (code 47.8) - muhuwandu hwe0%;
- zvimwe zvekutengesa kunze kwezvitoro, matende, misika (code 47.99) - muhuwandu hwe0%;
- mabasa ezvimwe zvifambiso zvepasi (code 49.3) - muhuwandu hwe24%;
- basa rekutakura zvinhu mumigwagwa (code 49.41) - muhuwandu hwe24%;
- real estate management yemubhadharo kana pachibvumirano (code 68.32) - muhuwandu hwe70%;
- kuchengetedza zvivako uye nharaunda (code 81) - muhuwandu hwe70%;
- mamwe mabasa emitambo (code 93.19) - muhuwandu hwe25%.
Basa rekusatevedzera quotas
Pakupedzisa chibvumirano chebasa nemutorwa nemushandirwi asina kodzero yekukwezva vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, sangano rinotyisidzirwa (Chinyorwa 18.15 cheAdministrative Code):
mubhadharo kubva ku250,000 kusvika ku500,000 rubles;
kumiswa kwebasa kwemazuva gumi nemana kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe.
Nekusatevedzera chikamu chinotenderwa chevashandi vekunze (Chinyorwa 18.17 cheAdministrative Code):
faindi kubva pa800,000 kusvika pamiriyoni imwe;
kumiswa kwebasa kwemazuva gumi nemana kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe.
Kunobva: https://www.klerk.ru