Sezvo kusanaya kwemvura nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuramba kuchikanganisa mvura yemuCalifornia, boka rinorwira nharaunda riri kudaidzira hurumende kuti imise kurimwa kwembesa dzine nyota semaarumondi nealfafa, ichiti indasitiri yezvekurima iri kudhuzesa zvinhu zvizhinji zvehurumende. vagari.
Mabhizimusi makuru ekurima nemapurazi emafekitari—pamwe chete nevashandisi vemafuta negasi—ndiwo mamwe makuru mvura vanoshandisa mudunhu uye saka vanofanirwa kunge vachizvipira zvakanyanya, inodaro mushumo neasina purofiti Food and Water Watch. Boka iri riri kuda kuti Gov. Gavin Newsom vagadzire mitemo mitsva yemvura inomisa kuwanda kwemaindasitiri ezvekurima nemafuta edzimotokari, vachizadzisa chivimbiso chehurumende chekupa vagari vese mvura yakachena, yakachena uye isingadhuri.
"California inofanirwa kuita ongororo dzakakosha uye shanduko kune yedu zvivakwa zvemvura, uye gavhuna pari zvino ane mvumo yekuita chimwe chinhu nekukasika,” akadaro Chirag Bhakta, mukuru wesangano iri kuCalifornia. "California yanyura mukusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu izvozvi, uye kunyangwe zvakadaro, nyika ichiri kushandisa zvisizvo mabhiriyoni nemabhiriyoni emarita emvura anoenda kumafuta ezvicherwa uye zvikamu zvikuru zvekurima."
Gwaro iri, rakaburitswa neChitatu, rinouya panguva iyo nyika iri kunzwa kumanikidzwa kudzikisa huwandu hwemvura yainotora kubva muColorado River, uye sezvo varimi vachinetsekana nekudzikisira.
Vanyori veshumo vakawana kuti yakawedzera acreage yezvirimwa zvenzungu semaarumondi nemapistachios akashandisa 520 bhiriyoni marita akawanda emvura muna 2021 kupfuura muna 2017, zvichiratidza kuti kuwedzera kuri kuitika kunyangwe kwakasimbiswa. zvemvura. Izvo zvinokwana kupa vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni makumi matatu nemana, kana vangangoita makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ehuwandu hweCalifornia, kwegore, chirevo chakadaro.
Chikafu cheChikafu neMvura Watch chishumo chakawanawo kuti alfalfa inoshandisa avhareji ye945 bhiriyoni emvura pagore, uye kuti mega-dairies inodya anopfuura 142 miriyoni magaroni pazuva kuchengetedza mombe dzavo, nepo makambani emafuta negasi akashandisa mabhiriyoni matatu emarita pakati pe3. uye 2018 yemabasa ekuchera.
Andrew Ayres, mumwe muongorori paPublic Policy Institute yeCalifornia's Water Policy Center, akati zvakanaka kutaura nezve indasitiri yezvekurima's mashandisiro emvura ekushandisa, asi kuti "zvakakoshawo kurangarira mabhenefiti ese atinowana kubva mukushandisa mvura muzvikumbiro izvi."
California inokura kupfuura 80% yemaarumondi epasi uye chikamu chikuru chemichero yenyika, miriwo uye dzimwe nzungu.
"Kunyanya munguva yechando, California iri kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita se lettuce nemamwe mashizha ane mashizha angave akaoma kuwana maoko ako mukati megore," akadaro.
Steve Lyle, mutauriri weDhipatimendi reChikafu nekurima reCalifornia, akataura mune email kuti "tsika yekuchengetedza" yakafambisa kurima kwenyika kwemakumi emakore.
Vakataura mashoko kubva kubazi rezvemvura anoratidza kuti varimi nevarimi vakashandisa mvura shoma nechikamu che14% mukati memakore makumi matatu nemashanu vachiwedzera goho nechikamu che35%, uye mukati memakore makumi maviri, varimi vealmond vakadzikisa huwandu hwemvura yaishandiswa pakurima. kukura pondo yemaarumondi ne38%.
Indasitiri iyi "yakazvipira kuwana kumwe kudzikiswa ne20% panosvika 2025," akadaro, achiwedzera kuti "kudiridza kwemvura-kunoshanda zvakanaka kuri kushandiswa ne85% yemapurazi earimondi eCalifornia."
Kana ari mapurazi emukaka, mvura inoshandiswa kugadzira mukaka yakaderera ne88% mukati memakore makumi mashanu, akadaro Lyle.
Kunyangwe zvekurima zvinongomiririra 3% chete yeCalifornia gross chigadzirwa, inopa inosvika 11% yechikafu chenyika, kupfuura chero imwe nyika. California ndiyo zvakare nyika inogadzira zvirimwa zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira maarmonds, artichokes, maorivhi uye walnuts.
Asi zvekurima inzvimbo ine nyota zvakare, inotora chikamu che80% chemvura yehurumende yakagoverwa kushandiswa nevanhu. Kunyange izvo zvinonzwika sechikamu chikuru, hazvisi zveCalifornia chete, akadaro Thomas Harter, purofesa muDhipatimendi reLand, Air and Water Resources kuUC Davis.
“Nzvimbo ipi zvayo pasi pano yamunenge makadiridzira, ndiyo inenge iine vanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa mvura, nekuda kwechimiro chekurima chikafu nemadiridziro,” vakadaro.
MuCalifornia, yakawanda yemvura iyoyo inobva mumvura yepasi pevhu, iyo nyika inovimba nayo zvakanyanya mukati memakore akaoma. Kuwedzeredza kwemvura yepasi mune mamwe matunhu ehurumende kuri kuomesa matsime muhuwandu hwakanyorwa, zvichiita kuti ivhu riderere uye kukuvadza mhuka dzesango uye zvisikwa.
Mukupindura dambudziko iri, nyika muna 2014 yakapasisa Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, iyo inotarisirwa kudzora huwandu hwekupomba mvura yepasi muCalifornia. Asi nguva yekushandiswa inotora makore anopfuura makumi maviri, izvo zvakonzera mhirizhonga yekuchera matsime nevakawanda vachitarisira kupinza zvinhu vasati vagurwa.
Vanyori vomushumo wacho vanoti mutsara wenguva “unotadza kudzivirira mvura yepasi nekunonoka kuita chiito kusvika muna 2040.” Vanopokana kuti SGMA inoisa indasitiri pamberi pevanhu. "Mhuri dzisina zviwanikwa, vanhu vane ruvara, uye nharaunda dzakaremerwa nekusarongeka kwezvakatipoteredza vanogona kutarisana nekusanaya kwemvura uye kushomeka kwemvura," vakanyora kudaro.
Lyle akati SGMA yave kutoitwa uye kuti Dhipatimendi reMvura Resource rakada kuti masangano anochengetedza mvura yepasi ape hurongwa hwekuchengetedza mvura yekunwa kunharaunda dziri munjodzi. Masangano emvura anofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza mukati memakore makumi maviri, akadaro.
Chirevo ichi chakatarisawo indasitiri yemukaka, ine zvigadzirwa zvaimiririra huwandu hwepamusoro hwemari yemari yekurima muna 2021 pamadhora mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu nenomwe, sekureva kweDhipatimendi reChikafu nekurima.
Harter akati hapana mubvunzo kuti zvikafu zvemhuka, pane zvese, zvine nzvimbo yakakura yemvura kupfuura yezvinomera.
"Ini handisi kushambadza zvinopesana nezvigadzirwa zvemhuka, asi ndinofunga kuti chinonyanya kukosha ndechekutsvaga, nekufamba kwenguva, chiyero chiri nani pakati (izvo zviviri) zvinotitendera kuti tive nerunyararo, kwete muCalifornia chete asi pasirese, " akati.
Semukaka, zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinorimwa mudunhu zvinotumirwa mhiri kwemakungwa. Maererano neshumo, inopfuura hafu yearumondi yenyika inotengeswa kunze, yakaenzana ne800 mabhiriyoni emarita emvura pagore. Alfalfa zvakare inowanzotengeswa kunze kwenyika, inosvika makumi matatu neshanu muzana ezvigadzirwa zveuswa zveCalifornia zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika muna 35.
Kunyange zvazvo alfalfa inoda mvura yakawanda kuti ikure, ine kudzoka kwepamusoro zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemvura inoshandiswa, akadaro Daniel Putnam, nyanzvi yekuwedzera yekubatana paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Davis uyo anonyanya kufunga nezvealfafa. Midzi yechirimwa yakadzika zvakare yakanaka kune hutano hwevhu.
Asi akabvuma kuti nzira yokurima nayo chirimwa, iyo kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza namafashamo emvura anokwevera, inogona kuvandudzwa “nemichina yokudiridza inongwarira zvikuru” uye nokuwedzera goho.
“Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti varimi vange vachigadzira madiridziro epamusoro pemvura, vange vachishanda nemadiridziro epasi pevhu, uye mubhuku rangu, zvese izvi zvine chivimbiso chikuru,” vakadaro.
Asi kunyange hazvo paine mukana wekuvandudza, Putnam akasimbisa kuti zvekurima zvinoshandisa mvura yakawanda nekuti zvinoda mvura yakawanda kurima chero chinhu.
“Kunyangwe nekushandiswa kwemvura yemumaguta, ruzhinji rwuri rwekugadzirisa minda, ruzhinji rwunoenda kuzvirimwa,” akadaro. “Uye pane chikonzero nei—miti inoda mvura yakawanda, uye ndizvo zvazviri. …Magadzirirwo echikafu anoda mvura.”
Kurudziro iyo mushumo wakatsanangurwa kuNewsom uye masangano ehurumende anosanganisira kupedza gasi nyowani nemafuta ekuchera uye kurambidza mega-dairies matsva; kuona kuti kodzero dzemvura negove dzinobatsira veruzhinji; uye kusimbisa kudzivirira kwemvura yepasi.
Padanho remubatanidzwa, yakakurudzira Congress kuti ipasise mitemo yakaita seWater Affordability, Transparency, Equity and Reliability Act iyo “inopa mari zvizere masystem edu emvura netsvina, kudzosa masisitimu emvura mukutonga kweveruzhinji, kubatsira kuona kuti mvura inowanikwa uye kukwanisa kutenga, uye kudzoreredza kuzvipira kwehurumende yemubatanidzwa kuchengetedza mvura. "
Bhakta akati nyaya dzekuwaniswa kwemvura muCalifornia dzinoda kuti vanhu vafunge patsva nekugadzirisa mashandisirwo emvura muhurumende. "Chinhu chedu chikuru ndechekuti tinofanirwa kuisa maCalifornians emazuva ese pamberi pepurofiti yemakambani emafuta emafuta nemakambani makuru ekurima."
Kunobva: https://phys.org