Costa Rica ine varimi vekofi vanenge 43,000. Sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima, kugadzirwa kwekofi mudunhu rekumaodzanyemba kweCoto Brus, uko mamiriro evarimi ari kunyanya kunetsa, akadonha ne50% mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura nekuda kwekuchinja kwehupfumi uye mamiriro ekunze.
Vazhinji vevarimi vekofi zviuru zvina mudunhu iri vanogadzira asingasviki mahekita mashanu pamumwe nemumwe, uye hupfumi hwenyika - pamwe nezviuru zvevashandi vemwaka vanobva kunharaunda dzePanama dzeNgäbe-Buglé - vanotsamira pakofi senzira yavo yekutanga kuwana mari. Asi kofi arabica's sensitivity to kuchinja kwekushisa, kunaya kwemvura, zvipembenene nezvirwere zviise panjodzi huru. Varimi vari kutoona kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze, sekupararira kwezvirwere zvefungal pakati pezvirimwa zvavo uye kutenderera kwemaruva.
Kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze handiyo yega dambudziko rinosangana nevarimi. MuCosta Rica, Colombia, Guatemala nekumwewo, kuderera kwemitengo yepasi rose kuri kuita kuti zviomere varimi vekofi vadiki kuti varambe vari mubhizinesi. Sezvo kudiwa kwekofi kwakura, inotungamirwa nemisika yeAsia, kugadzirwa kuri kuwedzera - kazhinji munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa nevashandi uye zvekurima zvakachipa. Vagadziri vekunze kweCosta Rica vari kukura zvakare yemhando isingadhure, yakaderera-mhando yekofi yakasimba. MunaAugust 2018, mutengo wepaundi yekofi wakadonha pasi pe $ 1, iyo, yevarimi vakawanda pasi rose, haina kukwana kuputsa. Kunyange kudonha kwazvino uku kwakanyanya kuoma, kusiyanisa mumusika wekofi hakusi kutsva uye kunogara kuchikuvadza varimi kupfuura vamwe vari mukutengesa.
Nekumanikidzwa kwakawedzerwa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, matanho ekuwedzera ekugadzirisa haana kukwana. Boka diki revarimi vemabhizimusi muCoto Brus vari kushanda nesimba kutsvaga mhinduro nyowani kuchengetedza ramangwana ravo - uye vari kushandura zvazvinoreva kuva murimi wekofi munguva ino nyowani.
Collective Power Inobatsira Varimi Kugadzirira Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze
"Zvakakosha kuchengetedza kukosha kwekuve vagadziri vekofi, asiwo kugona kugara patafura yebhizinesi," anodaro Armando Navarro, murimi ane makore makumi mana nemana ekuCoto Brus.
Navarro anotungamira boka revarimi gumi, vanodaidzwa kuti Exportaciones Aromas Kofi, vanomira pachena nekuda kwebhizimusi ravo uye hunyanzvi. Vachiunzwa pamwe chete nechido chavo chekutsvaga magadzirisiro matsva ekutyisidzirwa kwakatarisana nekurima kofi, varimi vakaumba mubatanidzwa makore mashanu apfuura. Vari kukwirisa chikuva chavo kuti vaende kune vashoma varimi vekofi muCoto Brus vakamboenda, uye nekugadzira hukama hutsva nehurumende nemakambani akazvimirira. Pakati pezvavakaita ipurojekiti yeruzhinji-yakavanzika yekuvaka fekitori yekofi yemuno, kuwanikwa kwemitengo yezvekushandisa papurazi sefotereza, chirongwa chekupa zvitupa kumapurazi ane maitiro akanaka emagariro uye kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kudyidzana kwemakambani kunobatsira.
Kutaurirana nevashambadziri nezvezvekushandisa pakugadzira sefetereza kunobatsira kuti mari dzevarimi dzidzikire. Sezvo mitengo yekofi inodonha pasi rose, kutonga mitengo yekugadzira mumapurazi kwakakosha kuti urambe uri mubhizinesi.
Kugadzirisa uye Kutengesa muGreen Hills yeCoto Brus
Kuri kukura kucherechedzwa pakati pevamwe varimi vekofi muCoto Brus kuti tsika yechinyakare yekugadzira (iyo murimi anoendesa goho rake kumubatanidzwa wekofi kana processor, uye kusatora chikamu mukugadzirisa kana kushambadzira) haichabatsiri vagadziri vazhinji pakati pekudonha mitengo yekofi yepasi rose. Munguva pfupi yapfuura yemusangano wekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, wakarongwa neWRI neBazi rezvekurima, maitiro echizvino-zvino akaita kuti vanhu vafarire uye vatarise senzira yakakosha yekugadzirisa.
Varimi veExportaciones Aromas Kofi vanoziva kuti kugara mukofi, kushambadzira kwakakosha. Izvi zvinoreva kutaurirana zvakananga kune vatengesi kunze kwenyika, vatengi nevatengi kukosha kwakawedzerwa kwekofi yepamusoro, kuunza yakagadzikana yezvakatipoteredza nemagariro maitiro, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuteedzera kwechigadzirwa chemurimi wega wega.
Kudyidzana kwevarimi nekambani inotengesera kofi kunze kwenyika yeCafinter kwavabatsira kuti vatange kudiridza madrip irrigation kuitira kuchengetedza mvura uye kuti vaedze mhando itsva dzekofi dzine hunhu hwakadai sehushingi hwemamiriro ekunze kana kuti in-demand flavor profiles.
Chigadzirwa chavo chitsva chekugadzira, chekutanga cherudzi rwacho chinotungamirwa neboka diki, rakazvimirira muCosta Rica, mufananidzo wakakwana weshanduko dziri kubikwa muCoto Brus. Chirimwa ichi chinoita kuti murimi mumwe nemumwe agadzirise kofi yake ari ega, kutumira masamples kune vanotengesera kunze kwenyika, uye kutaurirana zvakananga nevatengi. Kutsvaga mabheji ekofi kudzokera kumapurazi ega ega, uye kubvisa pakati, kunobvumira varimi kuwana mitengo yakakwira zvichienderana nekunaka kwekofi yavo uye nemaitiro avo ega ega.
“Ndinoda purazi rangu,” akadaro murimi ane makore 31 okukura uye nhengo yakaungana Lainekel Zamora. “Zvakanaka chaizvo. Chinoda kuitwa kuzvijairira, ona kuti ndedzipi sarudzo dzakanakisa dzekugadzira nekutengesa. Pfungwa ndeyekutumira kunze zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvine traceability, uye kuti mutengi muJapan anogona kuona kuburikidza nenharembozha yavo kwakabva kofi iyo, kuti vadzidze nezve nharaunda nemagariro. "
Iyi yakawedzerwa kuchengetedza mari inobatsira kuwedzera kusimba kwevarimi kumamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa zvirimwa uye kudya mupurofiti. Kune varimi ava, kuvandudza pundutso uye kuvaka hupfumi panguva dzakaoma - kungave kubva mukunaya kwemvura isingafungidzike, kunyanyisa kwekushisa kana kupararira kwezvipembenene - kwakakosha.
Kurima Kofi Kunogonera Kunobatsira Nharaunda Yese
Vakawanda muCosta Rica vanotya kuti kurima kofi kwechinyakare hakuchashandi. Vechidiki vari kunyanya kusiya kurima kofi uye nharaunda dzekumaruwa dziri kuona kubuda kuenda kumaguta. Zviitiko zvevarimi veCoto Brus isimba rakabatana rekugadzirisa kurimwa kwekofi kune mamiriro matsva uye kugadzira mhando dzemabhizinesi dzinotsigira mhuri dzekurima nenharaunda kunyangwe mune ramangwana risingazive.
Kuvandudza purofiti yemapurazi avo handiyo yega mutyairi. Nhengo dzeExportaciones Aromas Coffee nevamwe varimi mudunhu vanogara vachitaura nezve zvikonzero zvemagariro uye zvakatipoteredza zvemaitiro akasimba. Varimi vane chitsama mudunhu iri vakapa magwaro eminda yavo kuburikidza nechirongwa chenyika chinodaidzwa kuti Programa Bandera Azúl Ecológica. Chirongwa ichi chinokurudzira kurima kofi pasi pemimvuri yemiti yakasiyana-siyana (kunatsurudza kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, kudzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu, kugadzirisa nitrogen nekuchengetedza matsime emvura), kushandisa ongororo yevhu kugadzirisa mafetereza nekuchengetedza ivhu, kudzorerazve tsvina inogadzirwa mumapurazi avo, uye zvimwe.
Pakati pemitsetse yekofi inorimwa mumumvuri, Zamora anotsanangura, kuti: “Kune vanhu vakawanda vanotsamira pazvisarudzo zvangu zvepurazi. Nharaunda dzechivanhu dzinovimba zvakanyanya nehupfumi uhu. Hazvisi zvemhuri yangu chete. Iwe unofanirwa kuve uchiziva uye kufunga nezvezvekuita basa revanhu. Pakupera kwezuva, tinoda kuwedzera tsanga yedu duku yejecha kuti tisiye nyika ino zviri nani kupfuura zvatakaiwana.”
Kugadzirisa Zvekurima Kuti Zvienderane Nekushanduka Kwemamiriro ekunze Zvinoda Kuti Munhu wese Atore Chikamu
Mapoka akaita seExportaciones Aromas Kofi yaisazobudirira zvakadaro pasina kuvaka-simba, zviwanikwa uye kuwana kune akakosha masangano anopihwa neCosta Rica. Pamusangano wekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze, uyo wakaitika muchikwata chitsva chekugadzira, varimi vakatsanangura vatambi vazhinji vari muchikamu chekofi cheCosta Rica. Kubva kumasangano ezvemari kusvika kune vanoongorora kofi, uye kubva kumaNGOs kuenda kune agronomists nevarongi vehurumende, rutsigiro rwuripo chinhu chikuru kune varimi vanopinda munzira itsva dzekugadzira. The Institute for Rural Development, the Costa Rican Development Bank, neFundecooperación, semuenzaniso, inopa varimi mari yezvipo uye zvikwereti zvechikwereti chakaderera. Sangano reNational Coffee Institute (ICAFE) rinopa mbesa dzekofi dzinodhura, chenjedzo dzekutanga kune zvipembenene nezvirwere, uye inoedza mhando itsva dzekofi mumunda. Bazi rezvekurima, pamwe chete nevamiriri varo munyika yose, rinopa varimi dzidziso nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi.
Mukutarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nemamwe matambudziko, kushanda pamwe chete muhurumende, vemabhizimisi nemasangano akazvimirira oga. Kudyidzana kunogona kupa nzvimbo yekuvandudza uye bhizimusi, uye kubvumira zvizvarwa zvitsva nevakuru kuti zvibudirire.
"Hazvina kujeka kwatiri zvichaitika muna 2030," akadaro Navarro. “Zvakanakisisa zvatingaite kuenderera mberi nemaitiro akanaka: tora mhando [dzekofi] itsva, totora matanho munzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa uye ndizvo zvatiri kuita.”
Tsvagiridzo yeWRI muchikamu chekofi cheCosta Rica uye musangano uchangoburwa wakagoneswa kuburikidza nerutsigiro kubva kuFederal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) yekuGermany.
ZVINOTAURWA NEMUpepeti, 9/26/19: Imwe shanduro yapfuura yeblog rino yakataura kuti sangano revarimi vekofi muCoto Brus rine nhengo gumi nenhanhatu uye rinonzi Centro Agrícola Cantonal. Isu takagadzirisa bhurogu kuratidza kuti boka rine nhengo gumi dziri pamutemo (kubva munaGunyana 16), uye inonzi Exportaciones Aromas Kofi. Tinodemba kukanganisa.
Kunobva: https://www.wri.org