Kuchengetedza nyuchi kubva kumishonga yezvipembenene kwave nyore nekuburitswa neOregon State University yeapp smartphone inogona kushandiswa nevarimi nevachengeti wenyuchi kubvunza chinyorwa kana vari kumunda.
Iyo smartphone app inoperekedza Kuburitswa kweOSU Extension ya2013, Maitiro ekudzikisa Chepfu yenyuchi kubva kuMishonga, PNW 591.
Varimi nevapfuri nyuchi vava kukwanisa kuona matafura emishonga yezvipembenene vari kure vari parunhare kana kuti mapiritsi avo. Nhungamiro yakakurumbira inonyora 150 mishonga yezvipembenene, fungicides, miticides, slug killers uye zvinokanganisa kukura-zvose zvave zvino kutsvaga nezita rekutengeserana kana zita remakemikari mune itsva app.
"Inyika yemafoni," akadaro munyori anotungamira webhuku, Ramesh Sagili, an entomologist uye Extension nyuchi muongorori muOregon State University's College of Agricultural Sayenzi.
"Vanotibata navo vanga vachikumbira app kuti ienderane nechinyorwa ichi, uye vari kufara zvikuru kuti tave nayo."
"Maitiro ekuderedza Nyuchi Chepfu" yakatanga kubudiswa muna 2006. Yakawedzerwa muna 2013 ne coauthor. Louisa Hooven, nyanzvi yezvehupfu uye nyanzvi yenyuchi muKoreji yeSainzi Zvekurima, ine ruzivo rwakadzama rweruzivo rwemishonga yezvipembenene.
“Takatarisa zvirimwa zvinorimwa kuChamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero,” vakadaro, “uyezve zvirimwa zvingangoshandiswa kana chirimwa chichitumbuka—ndipo apo nyuchi dzinenge dzichitsvaka zvokudya. Ndiwo ndiwo wataisanganisa nawo mishonga yezvipembenene.”
Zvigadzirwa zvinorongwa kuita makirasi matatu: zvine muchetura zvakanyanya, zvine muchetura uye "hapana chirevo chekuchengetedza nyuchi pane label." Iwo maresheni anobva pane yambiro uye zvirambidzo zvinodikanwa neEnvironmental Protection Agency uye zvakanyorwa pamabhii ezvigadzirwa, Hooven akadaro.
Pamusoro pezvo, gwara rinofungidzira "kusara kwehuturu" kune akati wandei ezvigadzirwa-kureva, kuti zvinokuvadza zvinoramba zvakadii munharaunda. Ruzivo irworwo, rwusingadiwe neEPA uye runogona kunge rwusiri pazita, rwakabva mukutsvagisa kwaHooven kuburikidza nemagwaro eEPA ekuongorora njodzi uye zvinyorwa zvetoxicology.
"Paive neruzivo rwekusara kwechepfu mune yakapfuura edition," akadaro. "Takawedzera huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvakanyanya, saka takabatanidza ruzivo rwehupfu kune izvo zvigadzirwa zvinozivikanwa, uye isu takavandudza ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa zvakatonyorwa."
Gwaro rinokurudzira nzira dzakanakisa dzekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemishonga kuchengetedza marudzi ese nyuchi-kwete chete nyuchi (Apis mellifera), asi. mason nyuchi (Osmia lignaria), alkali nyuchi (Nomia melanderi) uye alfalfa leafcutting nyuchi (Megachile rotundata). Mhando dzenyuchi idzi dzinotarisirwawo semukume wekurima.
Inotaurirawo nzira yekudzivirira mhuka dzepasi dzinogara pasi dzakaita se squash nyuchi, nyuchi dzine nyanga refu, nyuchi dzedikita, nyuchi dzemigodhi uye bumblebees.
“Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ichatapura marudzi aya nenzira yakasiyana nenyuchi dzeuchi kana kuti mamwe marudzi anotarisirwa,” akadaro Hooven, “nemhaka yokuti ane miitiro youpenyu yakasiyana uye aripo panguva dzakasiyana.”
Kurima kweWest Coast kunonyanya kutsamira pazvipembenene zvinomera, akadaro Sagili, akanyora kana kubatanidza. mamwe mabhuku mana eExtension pamusoro penyuchi.
“Zvirimwa kuMadokero, sechibage nesoya, hazvidi tumbuyu pakuita mukume,” akadaro. “Asi nemhando dzedu dzezvirimwa, kunyanya miti yemichero, mabheri nembeu, tinozvida chaizvo.”
Vapfuri venyuchi veOregon vanobata nyuchi dzinosvika zviuru makumi manomwe zvekutengesa huchi mikoko, akadaro. Nyuchi dzinosvibisa zvirimwa makumi mashanu zveOregon, zvinosanganisira blueberries, cherries, pears, maapuro, clover, meadowfoam uye mbeu yemiriwo. VaSagili vanofungidzira kukosha kwezvirimwa izvi kunodarika chidimbu chebhiriyoni remadhora pagore.
Kudzivirirwa kwakanakisa kwenyuchi, akadaro, kunotanga nekutaurirana kwakanaka pakati pemurimi nemupfuri wenyuchi.
"Kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene nekudzivirira nyuchi hazvisi zvega," akadaro. “Pane nzira yakadzikama yekudzora zvipembenene nekudzivirira nyuchi, zvese. Tinoda kuti gwaro iri rive chishandiso chinobatsira varimi nevachengeti nyuchi kuti vaite sarudzo dzine ruzivo pamwe chete.”
Iyo yekudhindisa uye inoperekedza app inowanikwa kubva OSU Kuwedzera uye Kuedza Chiteshi Kukurukurirana (EESC). Ongororo yemushandisi inosanganisirwa, uye vashandisi vanokumbirwa kuipedzisa kutungamira EESC mukuvandudza kweapp.
"Maitirwo ekuderedza Chepfu yenyuchi" yakagadzirwa pamwe chete neOSU, iyo University yeIdaho neWashington State University. Mutengo waro wakanyorerwa nemasangano evaridzi nyuchi muOregon, Idaho, Washington, uye California, uye neOregon Dhipatimendi rekurima.
- Gail Wells, Oregon State University
Kunobva: Oregon State University