#WaterConservation #AgriculturalSustainability #IrrigationEfficiency #DeficitIrrigation #SoilMonitoring #CropQuality
Kushaikwa kwemvura chinhu chiri kunetsa munyaya dzekurima, izvo zviri kuita kuti padiwe nzira itsva dzekuchengetedza mvura. Varimi vemiriwo pasi rose vari kutsvaga nzira dzekuwedzera mashandisiro emvura vachichengetedza goho. Mukuita izvi, gwaro re “Building Soils and Better Crops” reSustainable Agriculture and Education (SARE), rakanyorwa naFred Magdoff naHarold van Es, rinopa ruzivo rwakakosha kuvarimi vemiriwo kuchengetedza mvura kuburikidza nemadiridziro.
- Kuongorora Ivhu neZvirimwa
Kunyatsoongorora ivhu nezvirimwa ndiro musimboti wekudiridza kusina mvura. Ivhu rinonzwa senge tensiometers, hunyoro zvivharo, TDR (time-domain reflectometry), uye capacitance probes inopa chaiyo-nguva kuongororwa kwemamiriro evhu unyoro. Tekinoroji idzi dzinoita kuti varimi vaongorore mwando nemazvo uye kuita sarudzo dzemadiridziro. Nekudzivisa kudiridza zvakanyanya, kutambisa mvura kunoderedzwa, uye zvirimwa zvinowana huwandu hwemvura chaiyo yavanoda.
Kutsvaga zviratidzo zvekunetseka kwemvura kunoitawo basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa madiridziro. Kushushikana kwemvura kunowanzo tungamira kune tembiricha yakakwira yemashizha, iyo inogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nekupisa kana pedyo-infrared imaging. Iyi yekukurumidza kuona sisitimu inobvumira varimi kuona zvinodiwa nemadiridziro nekukasira, kudzivirira dambudziko remvura yechirimwa uye kuwedzera kunaka kwekushandisa kwemvura.
- Shanda neMamiriro ekunze
Kudyidzana nedata remamiriro ekunze ndeimwe nzira ine simba yekuchengetedza mvura. Masevhisi emamiriro ekunze ehurumende uye zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze zvepapurazi zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekunaya kwemvura yakasikwa uye huwandu hwemvura. Nekubatanidzwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi, tekinoroji yekombuta, uye maturusi ekushandisa mvura nefetereza panzvimbo yakanangana nesaiti, varimi vanokwanisa kukwenenzvera miitiro yekudiridza kuti ienderane nemamiriro ekunze ekunze. Kudiridzira uku kunoderedza kushaikwa kwemvura uye kunoita kuti goho rikure nekuona kuti mvura yawaniswa kana ichidiwa zvakanyanya.
- Mvura Kana Ichidiwa Chete
Deficit irrigation, nzira yakanyatsotsvakurudzwa, inosanganisira kushandisa mazinga emvura ari pasi pe100% ye evapotranspiration. Ongororo inoratidza kuti nzira iyi inogona kuchengetedza goho asi ichideredza kushandiswa kwemvura. Uyezve, kushomeka kwekudiridza kunokurudzira zvirimwa kuvimba nehunyoro hwevhu rakachengetwa, zvichikurudzira kushandiswa kwemvura zvakanaka. Sezvineiwo, varimi vemazambiringa vanoshandisa nemaune kudiridza kushomeka kukonzeresa kusagadzikana kwemvura, kuwedzera kunaka kwemazambiringa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kweanthocyanins.
Migumisiro Yebudiriro:
Kuitwa kweaya mazano ekuchengetedza mvura kune zvakakosha zvinokonzeresa kune zvese zviri zviviri goho rekurima uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Nekutora ivhu uye nzira dzekutarisa chirimwa, varimi vanogona kukwidziridza marongero ekudiridza, kuderedza kutambisa mvura uye kushandiswa kwesimba kunoenderana nekudiridza kusingakoshi. Kubatanidza data yemamiriro ekunze uye tekinoroji yemhando yepamusoro inovandudza madiridziro, zvichiita kuti zvirimwa zvine hutano uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura.
Kudiridza kwekushomeka hakungoite kuti mvura igadziriswe zvine hungwaru asiwo inosimudzira kunaka kwechirimwa nekugovewa kwezviwanikwa. Kuburikidza nekuvimba nehunyoro hwevhu rakachengetwa, zvirimwa zvinova zvakanyanya kusimba mukushaikwa kwemvura, zvichiita kuti pave nekusimba kwekurima pakatarisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Munyika umo zviwanikwa zvemvura zviri kuramba zvichinetsa, kutora nzira dzekushandisa mvura mukurima kwakakosha. Varimi vemiriwo vanogona kuita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza mvura nekumbundira ivhu nekutarisisa chirimwa, kushandirapamwe neruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze, uye kushandisa kudiridza kwekushomeka. Matanho aya haangosimudzire goho chete asiwo anobatsira pakurima kwakasimba kunoisa pamberi pekutonga zviwanikwa.